Background: In Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) injuries, primary repair with end-to-end suture is the treatment of choice. In cases where primary repair is not possible, tendon transfer or tendon grafting is used, each of which has its strengths and weaknesses. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of each of the above two methods in patients. Methods: Patients with FPL injury who referred to Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran late in 2020 to 2021, if primary tendon repair was not possible, were randomly repaired with tendon transfer or tendon graft. After the appropriate time, the splint was opened and physiotherapy was performed for the patients. Then, at least three months after the repair, the range of motion of the IP and MP joints of the patients thumb was measured and compared in two groups. Results: Ten patients in the tendon transfer group and 10 patients in the tendon graft group were studied. In the secondary repair of FPL with tendon grafting, the range of motion of both IP and MP joints of the thumb was not significantly different compared to repair with tendon transfer. Conclusion: The findings of this research confirm controversies in this field. In order to obtain more accurate results, it is suggested to carry out a research with a larger number of patients and with strict control over the surgical technique and post-operative care, as well as taking into account the morbidities caused by donor tendon removal and examining the overall satisfaction of the patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on the ureteral closure pressure (UPC). Materials and Methods: Twenty - two female patients with either bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) or detrusor under activity were included in this study. They divided into two study and control groups randomly. Twelve patients in study group received 200?gr of TRH intravenously and patients in control group received intravenous normal saline as placebo. Standard ureteral pressure profilometry was performed before injection and after injection at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Functional profile length (FPL), maximum ureteral closure pressure (MUCP), and ureteral closure pressure at the proximal quarter of the FPL (1/4 FLP) and at the distal quarter of FPL (3/4 FLP) were measured in both groups. Results: The mean age of the study and control groups were 41.61+21.7 years and 43.59+19 years respectively. The study and control groups included 5 BOO and 6 detrusor under activity and 4 BOO and 5 detrusor under activity respectively. The mean peak flow rate was 5.69 + 8.4 ml/s in the study group and 6.31 + 81 ml/s in control group. There wasn"t significant difference between two groups. Mean maximum ureteral closure pressure demonstrated no significant difference in two groups before and after TRH injection, but a marked reduction in ¾ UCP and ¾ FPL in patients after TRH injection was seen. Conclusion: TRH injection significantly reduces the distal ureteral pressure.

Objectives: Mouse is one of the most important data entry devices for computers. Undesirable and prolonged postures during work with the computer mouse increase workload, muscle aches and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare muscle activity during the use of 4 types of mouse, including trackball, trackpad, slanted and standard by Electromyography (EMG). Methods: This experimental study included 15 subjects (7 men and 8 women). The electrical activity of EDC, ECU, ECR, FDS, PQ, and FDL muscles was recorded by EMG while performing a standard task with each mouse. The order of using each mouse was randomized. The obtained results were analyzed by SPSS using the measures of central tendency, Friedman’ s test, and Independent Samples t-test. Results: The results of assessing the electrical activity level of muscles suggested no statistically significant difference in the recorded EMG between FPL, FDS, and PQ muscles while working with the 4 mice. The electrical activity reduced in EDC, ECR, and FPL muscles with the use of slanted mouse, compared to that of other mice (P<0. 05). Discussion: There was no significant differences between the electrical activity of FDS, FPL, and PQ muscles during work with the studied mice. Furthermore, the activity of EDC, ECR, and FPL muscles reduced during work with a slanted mouse, compared to the other types. The habit of using a new mouse can affect the level of muscle activity; thus, the use of a slanted mouse may reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in the wrist and hand of users in the long run.

Background: Detection of normal latency of anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) with needle electrode in muscles innervated to this nerve is required in all electrodiagnostic laboratories. Objective: To determine normal latency of AIN and amplitude of CMAP in flexor pollicis longus (FPL) by needle electrode. Methods : This electrodiagnostic study was performed on 33 normal subjects (11 males, 22 females) aged 25-35 (group 1) and 36-45 (Group 2) at Shiraz Shahid Chamran and Namazi hospitals from summer till full 1998. This study was done by holding forearm in full supination, needle electrode (reference) was inserted in midway between elbow and wrist in the adjacent of radial bone in FPL muscle and ground electrode was placed on the posterior part of the forearm. The AIN was stimulated at the anterior of elbow, the responses was recorded and the results were analyzed employing T. test. Findings: The latency mean of AIN was 2.87 ms with standard deviation (SD) 0.49 ms, the maximum and minimum of latency was 3.85 and 1.89 ms, respectively. The amplitude mean of CMAP of FPL was 4.73 mv, with SD of 2.61 mv, Since the obtained amplitude did not follow normal distribution pattern, its lowest limit of normal value on the basis of half of the mean was 2.36 mv, and based on log transformation it exceeded 1.69 mv. Conclusion: The normal values of amplitude CMAP and the latency of AIN in healthy persons, can be helpful in distinguishing lesions of AIN.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Myrtle Essential Oil (MEO) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, antibody titer and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 200 Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five dietary treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each. Dietary treatments were prepared by formulating a corn-soybean meal-based diet free of antibiotics (Control) and supplementing the basal diet with three levels of MEO at 100, 200, 300 mg/Kg or antibiotic Flavophospholipol (FPL) at 600 mg/Kg. The results showed that diets supplemented with MEO and FPL increased the feed intake, body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The relative carcass weight was significantly increased, whereas the weight of gastrointestinal tract and liver were decreased in broilers fed MEO (P<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with MEO increased the antibody titers against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease Virus (NDV), although supplementing diet with 200 mg/Kg of MEO was more effective (P<0.05). Broilers fed MEO diets especially at the level of 300 mg/Kg had a lower white blood cells count and heterophil, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, but a higher lymphocyte and red blood cells count (P<0.05). In conclusion, data showed that diet supplemented with MEO improved the growth performance and increased antibody titers against AIV and NDV, especially at the level of 200 mg/Kg, in broiler chickens and could be an adequate alternative to antibiotics.