In this paper, post-buckling behavior of cold-formed, thin-walled structures containing thickness-tapered plate with initial imperfection is investigated. A computer program has been developed using the nonlinear Finite Strip Method for post buckling analysis of plates and plate assemblies under compression and bending. Axial and flexural stiffness of lipped channels, Z-shaped and T-shaped sections containing thickness-tapered and thickness constant plates are calculated for different geometries. Stress redistributions of those sections are also determined. Results for stress redistributions show that sectional geometries and applied strains have important effects on stress distributions.

Recently, free space optical communication secure links have attracted much attentions, especially in military and defense applications; the channel of this links is atmosphere. Data are delivered on a beam of light in Fee space. The atmosphere interacts with light because of the atmosphere composition. This interaction reduces the channel stability and increases the BER. In this paper, the effects of mechanical vibrations on the BER are evaluated. Several beam steering methods are introduced and compared with each other. FSM beam steerer method, as the most efficient way in an autotracking system, are used and it is shown that applying this beam steerer, the system's fluctuations are highly reduced while BER are improved.

Installation of Shunt Capacitor Banks (SCBs) and Voltage Regulators (VRs) within distribution system is one of the most effective solutions in reactive power control for improving the voltage profile and reducing power losses along the feeder. However, the presence of the VRs can deteriorate the Voltage Stability Margin (VSM) in distribution feeders. To address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-objective programming model for the simultaneous optimal allocation of VRs and SCBs in the distribution network to improve the voltage profile and to minimize power losses and installation costs. In the proposed model, a Voltage Stability Index (VSI) is considered to prevent voltage instability during SCBs/VRs allocation. A new Modified Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MMOPSO) algorithm which includes a dynamic inertia weight and mutation operator is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions as a Pareto set. Thereinafter, a Fuzzy Satisfaction Method (FSM) determines the optimal solution. A practical long radial distribution feeder has been employed to demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed model along with a comparison between the proposed MMOPSO and the original MOPSO.

1-Introduction: Soil erosion, as one of the most important environmental problems in the world, has a devastating effect on all life, natural resources and it's under human management. Considering that one of the important goals in the management of drainage of basins such as Gabric basin is preventing soil erosion, and also one of the important factors when designing dam or sedimentation structures, is estimating sediment production in the drainage basin, the estimation and calculation of the actual sediment deposited in the constructed dams at the basin outlet, and comparing it with the results of the empirical models, is the best method for estimating the sediment yield in the basins lacking sediment station such as Gabric basin. Therefore, if the amount of estimated sediment is closer to its actual value, it will definitely perform better at the time of designing the dam or planning in the basin in terms of cost and observance of technical and economic principles. In this regard, this study aimed at evaluating empirical models of MPSIAC and F. S. M. and direct measurement method for estimating sediment yield and erosion in the Gabric basin....

One of the serious problems of Iran’ s watersheds is soil erosion and can be considered as one of the main obstacles to achieve Sustainable Agricultural Development and Natural Resources. In most countries of the world, because of absence of accurate data for the sediment erosion, deposition utilizing models to estimate erosion is inevitable. In order to apply effective management in natural resources region, especially soil resources, it’ s required to ranking the sub-basin region to be prioritized for protective operations. In this study, Ozroud’ s sub-basins, situation has been studied by FSM method and morphometric analysis. The morphometric analysis of linear parameters include; drainage density parameters, bifurcation ratio, texture ratio, length and frequency of current flow as well as the formal parameters including slenderness ratio, compression ratio, the roundness, forming factor and coefficient basin forms were used, also in the FSM to determine the amount of annual precipitation scoring, seven parameters (topography, gully, vegetation, geology, climate and soil conservation) were used. For this purpose, Digital elevation model, OLI sensor images of Landsat 8, geological map, meteorological data and field visits were used. Results of analysis showed that the morphometric analysis, sub-Basins area of the drainage network and also the FSM method in terms of annual sediment sub-N has produced 6593. 5tons, the most critical sub-basin, but with integrating results of 2 methods in 5 levels, it was found that first priority among sub-basin was H. Remarkably, these results can be helpful with development goals of agriculture and natural resources managers.

Furosemide (FSM) is commonly used in the treatment of edema associated with congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis of the liver, renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome and hypertension. However, in ascites, it is clinically limited due to its frequent dosing and short biological half-life and its prolonged-release preparations are not available. Therefore, the main objective behind the present research work is to develop chitosan coated and conjugated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarriers, to sustain the delivery of FSM with improved systemic circulation. Emulsion-solvent evaporation technique was used for the preparation of nanoparticles. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study showed 2. 6, 3. 10, and 4. 30 folds enhancement in relative availability of FSM for FSM-PLGA, FSM-chitosan-coated-PLGA and FSM-chitosan-conjugated-PLGA nanoparticles, respectively than FSM. The present research work concluded that FSM loaded chitosan conjugated PLGA nanoparticles could enhance the systemic circulation of FSM with improved pharmacokinetics parameters.

In this study, to investigate situation of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Sorkh Abad watershed of Mazandaran province, first measured the specific sediment observed by aspects of sediment accumulated behind two of stone and mortar dam in the output of the mentioned watershed was considered then using models FSM, PSIAC and EPM performance of each of these models to estimate the amount of erosion and sediment yield was evaluated. According obtained results of the observed and measured sediment rate behind dams in the study area was 390.997 ton per square kilometer per year, which were obtained for FSM (equation 10), PSIAC and EPM models 611.411, 239.157 and 280.436 ton per square kilometer per year respectively. Also, the relative error percentage calculated for the above models, respectively 22, 36 and 50 percent. According to the results, the EPM model with relative error percentage less than other models used was better performance to estimate of erosion and sediment yield in the Sorkh Abad watershed.

Background and objective: Type-2 diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by both insulin deficiency and peripheral insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acid-fortified soymilk fermented with bifidobacterium lactis on the body weight, blood glucose and lipid profile of diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Diabetic rats were divided into four groups (one being diabeteic control); a fifth group was added as a normal control. The two control groups (normal control and diabetic control) received, by tube-feeding, 1 mL/day of distilled water, while the three diabetic groups received 1 mL/day of soymilk (SM), fermented soymilk (FSM) and fermented soymilk fortified with omega-3 fatty acids (FSM+omega-3). Body weight and blood glucose were monitored weekly and the lipid profile was measured at the end of the 28-daty period.Results: As compared with the diabetic group, administration of SM, FSM and FSM+omega-3 for 28 days led to statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions in blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, with the maximum reduction in the FSM+omega-3 fatty acid group. In addition, as compared to the diabetic group, body weight in the 3 treated groups receiving the SM, FSM and FSM+omega-3 fatty acids increased significantly (p<0.05), the maximum weight gain being in the FSM+omega-3 fatty acid group.Conclusion: The findings suggest that fermented soy milk fortified with omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of type-2 diabetes.

FSM-16 mesoporous silica modified with metformin (FSM-16-Met) is known as a suitable additive for membrane modification in order to obtain a modified membrane with anti-fouling capability for highly efficient oily wastewater treatment. In this research, the production of polyether sulfone microfiltration membranes was done using an efficient modification process. The modified membrane with FSM-16-Met nanoparticles showed excellent fouling resistance, while maintaining a high net water transfer efficiency of more than 150 kg/m2. h without significant oil infiltration. The optimal modified membrane PES/FSM-16-Met had a high net water flux of 156. 07 kg/m2. h and a low contact angle compared with the unmodified membrane (respectively 79. 8 and 46. 25 for the unmodified and was the modified optimum). Also, the flux recovery ratio is more than 97% and the ability to resist clogging is Rir = 79. 58 and Rir = 2. 13%, respectively, for unmodified and modified membranes during filtration at different concentrations of oily feed (300 and 500 mg/l). It was one of the features obtained in this study. Overall, this work provides insight into efficient polymer membrane modifications with very low oil cake layer formation on the membrane surface, which shows great potential for industrial-scale oily wastewater treatment in the future.

Accelerated soil erosion and the production and transfer of large amounts of sediment are considered as one of the most important issues in many parts of Iran. Having enough knowledge on soil erosion and sediment production as well as identification of critical areas are necessary in order to reduce the adverse effects of this problem through soil and water conservation measures. Due to lack of gauge stations in the outlets’ of small watersheds, empirical models are considered as the proper tools for estimating soil erosion and sedimentation. One of these methods which was developed based on Meditranean sediment data, is the Factorial Scoring Model (FSM). Towards this, the main objective of this research is to compare estimated vs. observed sediment yields in some selected regions of Iran. For this purpose, 58 small chatchments equipped by reservoirs in their outlets were selected in Semnan, Central, Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan, Lorestan, Fars, Golestan and Khorasan Razavi Provinces. The comparison of the results showed that all estimates of the original model (before calibration) are several times bigger than observed values obtained by surveying (0. 44 to 459. 44 t. km-2. y-1). In order to correct the model coefficients for Iran, calibration was performed in two scenarios; once using all data and in the second secenario after allocating data into three geographic regions, which in both cases resulted in significant improvement of estimates. The Nash‐ Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient for all catchments was 0. 39, and for Central, Zagros and Northeast regions were 51. 1, 0. 66 and 0. 78, respectively. Based on obtained findings, the application of original FSM must be avoided in study areas. Instead, we strongly recommend using calibrated models based on observational values for different geographic regions.