This article discusses the theory of Functionalism in the contemporary philosophy of Mind and compares it with Aristotle's Functionalism. As the word "ergon" is of a high significance in Aristotle's philosophy, sometimes he is regarded as the pioneer of this theory. Therefore the relation between these two theories and their similarity may be worth considering.What follows will reveal that different versions of the theory of new Functionalism are not matched with Aristotle's idea seemingly but his viewpoint can be considered as one of the attitudes in Functionalism. Although Aristotle's theory of mater and form, together with his emphasis on essence, is not valid in the light of new findings, his functionalistic approach to the relation between body and soul is of a high significance.

In contemporary philosophy of mind, some have tried to reduce mental states to physical and bodily states by proposing a model that draws upon both Functionalism and the identity theory; thus, reducing the human person to his/her physical body and nervous system. On the one hand, this approach, often dubbed “ reductive Functionalism” or “ identity Functionalism” , can be considered a developed and revised version of the identity theory; on the other hand, due to being a version of Functionalism, it has been sometimes called “ realizer-Functionalism” . In this article, it has been argued that defending the possibility of life after death based upon this approach, has almost no advantages over other physicalistic formulations of the possibility of life after death; since in order to avoid an internal inconsistency, it transforms into a version of either type or token identity theory; and thus fails to employ concepts like “ realization” in order to explain the person-body relation and the multiple realizability of the person.

The presented article is going to investigate the meaning of function in architectural Functionalism and its roots. A survey on the history of the meaning and application of "function" as a theoretical term in architectural theory is done as a prerequisite for rethinking the concept and the role of "function" in Functionalism. The study is believed to be of great importance for today's architecture because the current concepts, and even ideas, in architectural theory are still under the dominance of their predecessors in the early 20th Century Modern architecture, in which Functionalism had unquestionably a leading role. This article is prepared in three major parts. In the first part, the history of "function" through the theoretical history of architecture is briefly studied. Through this study, the root of function is referred to the ancient times and the definition of Vitruvius for architecture. This review shows that the root of the concept of function is "utilitas", and thereby "utility", which continued throughout centuries by a number of theorists. In the second part, the context of function in architecture is investigated since the application of the word ''function'' in architectural theories. In this part, the roots of different meanings of function in the context of six applications of the word since the mid eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century are studied. This investigation provides a clear explanation for different conceptions of function in contemporary architecture. In the third part, the meaning of function is studied through the ideas of those architects and critics whose names are categorized under ''Functionalism'' or are believed to take ''function'' as their point of departure in their architectural theories or practice. In this part, the two important key quotations, Le. "Form follows function" by Sullivan, and "House is a machine for living in" by Le Corbusier, which have influenced the concept of Functionalism in twentieth century are mentioned and compared. The analysis of the deeper meaning of function in the mentioned quotations, that have been the slogans pros and cons of Functionalism, shows that Sullivan and Le Corbusier had very little if any common conception of function in mind. the former applied function with a more biological and organic metaphor and tried to define architecture through the organic relation of form and function, while the latter considered architecture as a machine which had to fulfill accurately the requirements of itself and the man living inside. Therefore, the comparison of these two sentences has lead to achieve a clearer clue to the plurality in the meaning of function, all representing one Functionalism. The study serves to show that Functionalism has made use of a variety of meanings and concepts within a single term, Le. function. Today not all conceptions of ''function'' in Functionalism seem to be equally referred by architects and critics in their accounts of Functionalism in architecture. The appreciation of the wider array of the meanings of function in Functionalism will certainly help us to establish a more-or-less clearer understanding of ''function'' and Functionalism. It provides us with a concrete context for our contemporary confrontation with the concept of function in architecture.

The research at hand discusses about the notion of the theme in Persian scientific and literary genres from the point of view of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and explains and determines the similarities and differences of the two genres in Persian language. In this research, after mentioning the obvious differences of the two genres from the point of view of theme type and its frequency, types of clauses and their relationship with the theme have also been studied and structural features of clauses are compared regarding the two genres. During data analysis, theme position in the clauses and its overlap in the form of intertwined layers, have led to the introduction of the of Layer Theme for the first time. This specialized term, is important and remarkable in functional researches. Layer Theme exists when themes of the complex clauses have simultaneous overlap in terms of constitutive levels or layers.

By studying literary works, the person can identify the cultural and ideological discourses in the community and analyze the culture dominated over various generations and multifarious literary genres. In the current study, the authors have focused on how the ideology expressed in the historical novel titled Ten Ghezelbash according to the Jean Baechler's view point. According to this view point, ideology encompasses fivefold function as "alignment and orientation, justification, denial, positioning, perception and understanding",Therefore, according to these criteria, we also study how the ideology presented in this novel and we explain some concepts of these functions, in terms of importance, frequency of presence and analysis respectively. Since Hossein Masroor in Ten Ghezelbash has united and depicted the dominant ideologies with explanation of the historical events in the Safavid era, studying study and discovering the hidden ideology in the text can reveal a picture of the cultural and ideological discourse of community in the domain of author's era. The obtained results of the reacher in the study demonstrate that the historical novel of ten Ghezelbash has been written by using an ideological approach in the national-religious domain and religion and government are considered as two important ideological contents in this work.

From a long time ago, thinkers' and philosophers' concern was justification of applying human concepts and attributes to infinite God. To justify such an application, William P. Alston, a prominent American philosopher of religion, offered a functionalist theory in the realm of philosophical psychology, and tried to demonstrate it in a series of articles. This research essay is an attempt to investigate into Alston's articles.

Putting aside its realistic and epistemic aspects, motivational Functionalism is considered as a view supported by many advocates among philosophers, sociologists and psychologists. Introducing Functionalism when used in religious language and its component elements, the paper has studied it analytically and dealt with its consequences.

The main objective of this research is to provide a functional model of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) mass media for society sections’ anger management on the basis of rational approach. The findings of this research have been extracted using the multiple grounded theory. Ten faculty members in the fields of organizational behavior management, media management, psychology, sociology, communications, and managers who have at least 10 years of management experience in the field of mass media have been selected through targeted sampling and based on a snowball method and have been interviewed in-depth Semi structured. The data obtained through open, axial and selective coding were interpreted. The findings of the research show that television in the managing of violence has the capacity to perform three functions of critical accountability, education of legitimate aggression and learning to overcome violence, and to play five disfunctions in institutionalizing violence in people's attitudes and behavior, promoting personal and ethnic fanatical frameworks, promoting violence As a means of recreation, the transfer of anti-values related to violence and the perception of the lack of justice in society and the promotion of violence as a tool to overcome this perception.

Putnam's 1960 article, "Minds and Machines", sketched a novel approach to the mind based on the analogy between mental states and logical-computational state of Turing machine, which later acknowledged as Functionalism. Based on his interpretation of the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger, Dreyfus criticized Putnam’s functionalist-computation a list approach to the mind in an article directly addressing to him. In both physical and psychological-phenomenological level, Dreyfus proposes that mind can’t be understood as Turing machine which works with formal rules and in which inputs and outputs are context-free and independent of environment. About three decades after his article "minds and machines", according to Carnap’s failure to formulate induction and Quine’s holism and also based on his semantic externalism, Putnam rejected his functionalist-computation a list approach and accepted an externalist-contextualist approach. Although Putnam does not mention the name of Dreyfus, his criticism to reject Functionalism was obviously resembling the one Dreyfus stated previously contrary to the Functionalism. In this paper, in order to reconstruct the critical dialogue between Dreyfus and Putnam, first, Functionalism is formulated in the works of Putnam. After that, the phenomenological critique of Dreyfus to Putnam is stated. Then, it is shown that the causes of Putnam’s turning from Functionalism to contextual point of view were thoroughly similar to Dreyfus’s critics to him. Last, it is shown that based on this turning from Functionalism to contextualism, physicalism as a theory of mind is challenged and instead “subject in the world” provides a better model of the mind.

Relations between Iran and Sweden have been tense in recent years. The level of relations between the two countries has changed from its main path, i.e. political and diplomatic relations, to security. Looking from a political perspective, the relationship has become uneven and it seems that the need for a non-political approach to improve the relationship between Iran and Sweden is inevitable. A question arises here. What is the most economical model for improving relations between Iran and Sweden in order to control critical relations? Using the theoretical framework of Functionalism, this research believes that in the conditions of strong differences between the actors and uncertainty of the parties about each other's intentions, when the cooperation matures in a technical field, this situation will spread to other fields. 6 main categories, 10 sub-categories and 48 open codes were counted in interviews with experts (scientific and diplomatic) and the relations between the two countries were divided into five rings based on the maximum technical indicators (desirable, suitable, relatively suitable, good and inappropriate) is divided and it is emphasized that focusing on two favorable and appropriate circles can change the relations between the two countries in the cross-functional field.