In order to address environmental effects associated with Portland cement, there is need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. An effort in this regard is the development of geopolymer concrete, synthesized from the materials of geological origin or by product materials such as fly ash, which are rich in silicon and aluminum. This paper presents results of an experimental program on the mechanical properties such as density, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of Geopolymer Concrete Composites (GPCC) containing 90% Fly ash (FA), 10% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), alkaline liquids and GLASS fibers. The effect of inclusion of GLASS fibers on the density, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile strength and Flexural strength of hardened GPCC was studied. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio was fixed as 0.4 with 10% of fly ash replaced by OPC in mass basis. GLASS fibers were added to the mix in volume fractions of 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% by volume of concrete.The influence of fiber content in terms of volume fraction on the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strengths of GPCC is presented. Based on the test results, empirical expressions were developed to predict split tensile strength and flexural strength of GLASS fiber reinforced GPCC in terms of its compressive strength.

FIBRE metal laminates (FMLs) have appeared as the most suitable materials for shipbuilding, aeronautical and aerospace applications due to their superior mechanical properties over traditional materials. In this paper, degradation in flexural and impact properties of GLASS FIBRE/epoxy composite (GF/E composite) and stainless steel GLASS FIBRE/epoxy FIBRE metal laminate (SS FML) due to hygrothermal conditioning has been investigated for marine applications. Hand lay-up process was used for specimen preparation according to ASTM standards. Distilled water and seawater were used for hygrothermal conditioning at 40° C and 70° C for three months. The three point bend test was performed on universal testing machine using a three point bend fixture. The pendulum type impact testing machine was used to perform Izod impact test. Due to the preventive action of outer stainless steel layers against moisture ingestion, the reduction in mechanical properties of SS FML was less as compared to GF/E composite. SS FML and GF/E composite exhibited low moisture absorption rate in seawater at both temperatures as high salt content in seawater reduces the moisture diffusion process into the composite matrix.

Home-made single screw extruder was designed and constructed with screw length to diameter ratio 20:1 operating at different screw speeds ranging from 7-28 rpm and at different temperatures. The extruder was used to produce rod composite samples composed of low density polyethylene and short E-GLASS FIBRE. The effects of FIBRE contents and extruder operating variables on the tensile modulus and ductility were investigated. The tensile modulus increased with FIBRE weight percent up to 10.52 wt% as residual FIBRE content (20 wt% prepared sample before processing) and had a value of 827 MPa, then slightly decreased to lower values due to bad wettability and poor distribution/dispersion of FIBREs in the LDPE matrix. The clear decrease in FIBRE content after processing (residual FIBRE content) which is about 40-55% is due to the sticking of FIBREs in hopper or in the different extruder zones. On the other hand, ductility as percentage elongation-at-break decreased significantly at low FIBRE concentration then decreased in lower rate at higher FIBRE contents. Operating variables of the extruder were found to affect the tensile properties of LDPE/GLASS FIBRE composites by affecting the interfacial adhesion between the two components. This effect was clear from the analyzed data of the modulus efficiency factor KE.

Acetone-formaldehyde (AF) resin having dihydroxy functionality (-CH 2 OH) has been prepared and polycondensed with m-cresol (me) at equimolar ratio of AF:mC to produce acetone-formaldehyde-m-cresol (AF-mC) resin. The three component IPNs have been prepared from this acetone-formaldehydem-cresol (AF-mC) resin, diglyddyl ether of bisphenol-A (a commercial epoxy resin) and methyl methacrylate using simultaneous mode of IPN synthesis. The curing catalyst, hexamethylenetetramine, for AF-mC, radical initiators such as 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile for methyl methacrylate and curing catalyst, 4,4'-diamino diphenyl methane, for the epoxy resin were employed. The various proportions of three components were employed. All the IPNs were characterized in terms of their thermal stabilities with DSC, TGA. The GLASS FIBRE reinforced composites of produced IPN syrups have been fabricated and their chemical resistivity and mechani cal properties were evaluated.

The paper deals with the analysis of experimental results in terms of load-carrying capacity and strains, obtained from tests on circular concrete column, strengthened with external GLASS FIBRE composite. A total of seven specimens of 150 mm diameter and having a height of 600 mm were cast and tested. One specimen was used as reference and remaining six specimens were wrapped with three GFRP materials having different thickness. The columns were tested under uni-axial compression up to failure. Necessary measurement was taken for each load increment. The HSC columns with GFRP wrapping exhibited better performance in terms of strength, deformation and ductility capacity.

The FIBRE reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. Various natural and artificial FIBREs are added in concrete to enhance the crack resistance property by developing some bonding between FIBRE and concrete. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also the FIBRE reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also it reduces environmental pollution. Actually in many rural area, people are not concerned about the pollution and hygiene. The unused portion of sugarcane FIBRE, banana FIBRE, jute FIBRE are thrown into pond/ lake. After few days they decompose and rotten, that causes pollution in waterbody and disturb the ecosystem. The FIBREs can be used as additive in concrete to enhance their overall performance as well as to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a state-of-art review has been investigated on FRC and its different benefits. Different FIBREs such as jute FIBRE, coconut FIBRE, polypropylene, basalt, areca leaf, GLASS, mask, plastic, carbon and steel FIBRE were incorporated in concrete by several researchers in the past decades that have been highlighted in detail in this paper. The performance has been evaluated in terms of load displacement hysteretic pattern, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, crack resistance, durability and workability of FRC. The virtue and limitations of FRC have also been discussed. From the existing literature, it is found that the performance of FRC under dynamic load, Damage assessment, Time dependent assessment of damage, Effect of FIBRE in high-performance concrete (HPFRC) and Life cycle assessment are found as major literature gap that needs to be fulfilled. A case study on damage assessment of FRC has also been conducted in this paper. From the result it is found that the Carbon FIBRE reinforced concrete (CFRC), Steel FIBRE reinforced concrete (SFRC) and Areca leaf sheath FIBRE reinforced concrete (ALSFRC) are experiencing lesser damage in compared to normal concrete without FIBRE. Based on the existing literature the future scope and probable direction of research of FRC have also been highlighted.