Intracranial gliosis has no typical clinical signals or imaging characteristics. Therefore, it can be easily misdiagnosed as neoplasm.Hereby, we report a unique case of gliosis that grew outward from the surface of the brain. MRI depicted its signal and enhancement pattern similar to the cerebral gray matter. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. Although it was difficult to reach a diagnosis, correlating its origin, growing pattern and MR features and knowing that gliosis can present this way may help in differentiating it from other diseases.

BACKGROUND: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. These tumors have an inherited tendency to progress and recurrence. The histopathological examination and grading do not always identify the subset of these tumors especially when the tumor sample is small or inadequate. This study was undertaken to answer the question whether MIB-1 expression could assist in discrimination between low grade and high-grade glioma and gliosis especially when the biopsy sample is small, such as in stereotactic brain biopsy.Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed on 114 glial and gliotic paraffin-embedded tissues. KI67 immunohistochemistry was also used on paraffin section using the monoclonal antibody MIB-1. The results were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results: Based on light microscopic findings 89 (78.07%) were astrocytomas and 25 (21.9%) were reactive gliosis. The mean Ki67 labeling index (LI) was 25.2% (±30) for astrocytomas in general and 1.92 (±1.2) for gliosis. In other words, it was 1.8 (±1) for grade I, 14.5% (±4) grade II and 64.5 % (±19.3) for grade III/IV astrocytomas. The MIB-1 labeling index for astrocytic tumors was significantly higher than that for gliosis (P<0.001) and it increased with increasing tumor grade. However, MIB-1 labeling index was the same for pilocytic astrocytoma and gliosis so there was no meaningful difference between grade 1 astrocytoma and gliosis.CONCLUSIONS: Given the conventional microscopic examination and KI67 (MIB-1) method for grading astrocytomas, MIB-1 is more reliable and a complementary method for definitive diagnosis.

Background and Objective: To study the effect of deprenyl on neuroprotective or survival on motoneuron and on gliosis reaction.Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 gr) of Razi institution were used to determine the effect of deprenyl (2.50 mg/kg) on neuroprotective or survival on motoneuron and on gliosis reaction through morphometry and immunohistochemistry methods. Results: The results are divided into two parts:1- the result of morphometry for motoneuron.2- Astrocyte and oligodendrocyte count and their percentage. After spinal cord compression, motoneuron in ventral horn decreased with cavitation. While, the changes in study group (deprenyl ) is less than control group( normal saline) one of the groups that had taken Deprenyl for 4 weeks revealed less changes so, after 4 weeks, the neuroprotective effects of Deprenyl increased (P£ 0.05). In addition, Deprenyl had also decreased the gliosis reaction. It was even more effective after 4 weeks (P£ 0.05).Conclusion: For the first time, Deprenyl effect was studied in gliosis reaction. It seems that it decreased the number and percentage of astrocyte and became more effective after 4 weeks. By the way it needs more research to find the effect and mechanism of deprenyl in different dosage.

In some cases differentiation between Gliosis and Astrocytoma, on the basis & routin staining is difficult. Therefore we have used another compelementary technique. 88 brain biopsy, Includ: 14 cases Gliosis, 25 cases Astrocytoma, 15 cases anaplastic astrocytoma and 34 cases Glioblastoma multifrom were studied with use silver coloid for detennination argyrophilia of protein related to nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR). Mean AgNOR was in: Gliosis 1.76±0.13 (SD), Astrocytoma 228±0.33 (SD).anaplastic astrocytoma 258±0.41(SD) and in Glioblastoma multi from 2,94±0.58(SD). The result was shown significant difference between means. AgNOR technique can be used as a clue for differentiation between Gliosis and Astrocytoma but can't be use as a clue for grading of various degree of astrocytoma.

Background: A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector (LV) pseudotyped by a variant of rabies envelope glycoprotein, FUG-B2, has previously been prepared and used in transfection of hippocampal CA1 ("Cornu Ammonis" area 1) neurons. This study aimed to verify reactive gliosis and neuronal damage after injection of the vector into the rat hippocampus. Methods: HEK 293T cells were transfected with transfer (fck-Jaws-GFP-ER2), envelope (FUG-B2), and packaging (pMDLg/pRRE, pRSV-Rev) plasmids, and the vector was injected into CA1 of the rat hippocampus. After one week, transduction efficiency, and the number of neuronal and astroglial cells were determined in CA1 and CA3 by double staining of the brain slices. Results: Hippocampal cells were successfully transfected as 92. 7% of CA1 and 95. 8% of CA3 neuronal cells expressed GFP. The frequency of neuronal and astroglial cells in CA1 and CA3 of the vector-injected rats remained unchanged compared to those in the control and the saline-injected rats. Furthermore, no morphological change was found in hippocampal astrocytes and neuronal cells. Conclusion: The HIV-1-based LV pseudotyped by FUG-B2 is safe and does not cause neuroinflammation and neuronal loss once directly delivered into the rat hippocampus.

Background and Objective: Contusion injury causes a major variety of functional and sensory disorders. In this research, we tried to study histological changes after performing contusion model in spinal cord. For this reason, we investigated the effect of acetyl L-carnitine on gliosis reaction by using immunohistochemistry method for GFAP and CNPase after spinal cord injury(SCI). Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Laminectomy at T9-T11 was done in all of the rats and based on control groups or study groups, normal saline or acetyl Lcarnitine (300 mg/kg) was injected. In study groups, SCI was done by 30 gr compression. After 4 weeks, spinal cords were extracted for morphometry and immunohistochemistry study and data were analyzed using t test and ANOVA at p<0. 05. Results: Motoneurons reduced after SCI and acetyl L-carnitine reduced this reduction in addition to reduction of astrocytes (p<0. 05). Conclusion: For the first time it was shown that in gliosis reaction, acetyl Lcarnitine could reduce astrocytes and increase oligodendrocytes (about 3 times) and this improvement may be due to myelin production and also due to better conduction. Further study is needed to distinguish synapse conduction.