Nowadays, standardized metadata for geospatial data is a key in sharing and finding information on the web and crucial in building Geospatial Data Infrastructure (GDI). The main objective of this paper was to develop a web-based metadata dissemination system for in-situ sensors based on, most importantly, interoperable, standard and open technologies introduced by Open GIS Consortium (OGC), namely Geography Markup Language (GML). In this research, at first a use case diagram was developed to demonstrate the user’s requirement. Then, an application XML schema based on user’s requirement was created. To build this schema, some GML schema documents (developed by Open GIS Consortium (OGC)) were imported into the application schema. System architecture was designed based on client/server model and a UML class diagram was also developed to present all classes and their attributes, operations and associations within the system. Implementation was conducted using GML, XML, XMLHTTP, DOM, ASP, and VBScript that brought out a web-network-based in-situ sensors metadata application. This application provided a user friendly interface to search and find sensor related information. Results showed that although GML and XML are powerful tools to build geo-metadata, it is important to note that GML document size may be a problem when dealing with huge amount of data.

Geographic information provides the basis for many types of decisions ranging from simple path finding, to the sustainable management of environmental conditions. Producing such information is a time consuming and costly endeavor. Data sharing on the web is an avenue to increase the efficiency of the practices. This paper scientifically examines the new emerging technologies namely, internet, geographic markup language (GML), and observation and measurement models, to construct an interoperable repository for air quality sensors measurements. The paper also elaborates on the design and implementation of a web-based air quality information system (AQIS) for the city of Tehran. In-situ sensors measure ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matters (PM) in polluted metropolitans. Providing real-time air quality information can improve the decisions of the pertinent environmental organizations. Using GML for encoding sensors observations makes it possible to build an interoperable repository that is independent of platforms and vendors. Providing query possibilities based on monitoring stations, sensor names (pollutants), date and time intervals, and spatial query on the AQIS interfaces are the major functions of this system. Although standardized, it was concluded that the use of GML as data format increases the size of GML document. In addition, the developed system provides no map based results for the clients. Therefore, it is required to be improved by adding more GIS functions.

Nowadays the selective access to information on the Web is provided by search engines, but in the cases which the system includes spatial information the search task becomes more complex and requires special capabilities in the search engine system. The purpose of this study is to extract the information which lies in the GML documents also implementation and evaluation of this extracted information retrieval method in an integrated approach. Our proposed system consists of three components: crawler, database and user interface.1- Crawler: The main innovation of this study is this component. Crawler is a piece of software that after receiving the initial feed enters into Web pages and open links on each page and enters into the pages of these links. The crawler repeats this for new pages until all pages are reviewed and there are no new pages. The typical spatial search engines crawlers analyze and process the HTML documents and extract spatial information contained in these documents. In our proposed system, the crawler processes GML documents text instead of HTML documents, and extracts the spatial information from these documents. Crawler in this system has two main tasks: - Detection of GML documents among the documents with different formats.- Parsing of GML documents and extracting the spatial information2-Database: database has two major tasks in this system: - Storing data which collected by crawlers - Information indexing3-User Interface: this section provides interaction between user and system and users send their queries to the system through this interface In general, this system's search process is done in two phases: online and offline. Offline phase includes the crawler' s searching and storing the information into the database. And the online phase includes user interface and ranking operation.All in all, in this study the following objectives discussed:1- Extraction of spatial information which is embedded in Web documents: Spatial documents include spatially explicit information such as the coordinates of the feature or the type of feature that extracting this information improves the response rate of spatial queries in search engines.2- Implementation and evaluation of an integrated spatial information retrieval approach. We have implemented this system as a pilot system on an Application Server as a simulation of Web. Our system as a spatial search engine provided searching capability throughout the GML documents and thus an important step to improve the efficiency of search engines has been taken.Despite the fact that today's engineers and specialists in many fields need raw spatial data and looking for it on the World Wide Web, most of spatial search engines are based on map representation and less attention is paid to spatial data. There is a substantial volume of spatial documents and information on the Web, however, the extent of the Web has caused this huge volume of documents and information hard to find among other information. Our proposed system as a spatial search engine provides the possibility of searching throughout the GML documents and thus it improves the efficiency of spatial search engines. Since GML documents include explicit spatial information along with non-spatial information, the main advantage of this system compared to other spatial search engines is an integrated approach to spatial and non-spatial data.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of the alcoholic extract of black seed on HL-60 cancer cells. Material and Methods: In this study, concentrations of 350, 650, 950 and 1250 µ GML of Nigella sativa alcoholic extract were added to HL-60 cancer cells for 24 h. MTT assay was applied to find out the portion of living cells. Likewise, PI staining for flow cytometry was performed to determine whether black seed extract inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 cells by modulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis, then AO/EB staining of HL-60 cells was performed to detect apoptosis and necrosis patterns. Results: MTT assay showed that in comparison with the control group, alcoholic extract of black seed killed 50% of HL-60 cell in the concentration of 650 µ GML-1 and based on the concentration, more cell death was caused at the higher concentration. Also, a substantial increase in G0/G1 phase cells was observed from 15. 2% in the control group, up to 51. 65% in the group was treated with 650 µ GML-1. It was also found that the concentration of 650 µ GML-1-1 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, while at higher concentrations of 950 and 1250 µ GML-1 caused HL-60 cells necrosis compared to the control group.

Background: Surgical trauma induces systemic inflammatory responses. We aimed to evaluate the influence of different analgesic models on postoperative pain and inflammatory markers modulation after major abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients scheduled for elective abdominal colorectal surgeries were selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: Group-1 (GM) four micrograms/kg of IT morphine,Group-2 (GML) four microgram/kg of IT morphine plus 1. 5 mg/kg intravenous Lidocaine loading dose and 2 mg/min saline infusion during the operation and the next 4 hours postoperative,Group-3 (G0, control group) no added drugs. Results: Pain scored statistically significant lower figures in GML than the other two groups,p<0. 001. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha serum levels showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups,P <0. 001,GML showed the lowest level, followed by group GM and Group 0 (10. 3±, 4. 4 vs. 20±, 4. 4 vs. 26±, 7. 5). Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 demonstrated the highest levels measured in GML, high levels in GM, and the lowest level in G0,p<0. 001, where mean serum levels were 43. 1±, 12. 5, 26 ±, 4. 2, and 18. 9±, 7. 7, respectively. Opioid consumption was significantly lower in GML than other two groups,P<0. 001. Conclusion: Intraoperative and early postoperative intravenous Lidocaine infusion significantly improved the quality of postoperative analgesia. Optimizing analgesia in anesthetic management has a favorable effect on the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators.

A completely randomomized design with four replications was used to evaluate the toxicity effects of various nano Fe3O4 concentration (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µ GML-1) on germination and the growth of radicle, plumule and seedlings of Agropyron desertorum and Agropyron elongatum. Results showed that the germination percentage and seedling growth of both species were reduced using high concentration of nano Fe3O4. The concentration of 400 µ GML-1 of Fe3O4 nano particle reduced the germination percentage of A. desertorum and A. elongatum from 95% and 84% to 70% and 45% respectively. 400 µ GML-1 of Fe3O4 nano treatment also reduced the seedling growth of A. desertorum and A. elongatum from 8. 08 and 11. 62 cm to 6. 32 and 7. 27 Cm respectively. Results indicated that A. elongatum is more sensitive to nano Fe3O4 compared to A. desertorum.

Introduction: Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely used as a flavor-enhancing dietary ingredient and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of aqueous garlic extract to explore the bioactivity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) mediated inflammopathies. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (hypotonicity-induced hemolysis assay and 15-LOX inhibition assay) and anticoagulation (serine protease inhibition assay and prothrombin time assay) effects of the aqueous garlic extract were investigated. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking and dynamic simulation analysis of reported small compounds of garlic against 15-LOX1 and 15-LOX2 were performed to figure out the most efficient phytochemical ligands and validate the anti-inflammatory potential. Results: The DPPH scavenging effect and the reducing power of the extract were found with the IC50 of 213. 87 ±,1. 49 μ, GML-1 and EC50 of 124. 78 ±,3. 39 μ, GML-1, respectively. In the hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and 15-LOX inhibition assay, the IC50 values were observed as 147. 59 ±,2. 98 μ, GML-1 and 250. 05 ±,8. 48 μ, GML-1, respectively. The extract inhibited serine protease activity with an IC50 of 301. 33 ±,1. 31 μ, GML-1 and prevented blood coagulation for 10. 05 ±,0. 35 minutes in prothrombin time assay. The in silico study identified Rhamnetin as a potential 15-LOX1 and 15-LOX2 inhibitor, and it exhibited a stable interaction with the targets throughout the 100 ns dynamic simulation. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide molecular insights into garlic’, s medicinal properties as well as its bioactive compounds, which can be potential therapeutic interventions for 15-LOX mediated inflammations.

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia sieberi and its effect on the cell cycle in the SKBr3 breast cancer cell line. Material and Methods: In this study, hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia was prepared. SKBr3 cells were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1000 µ GML ) of extract at two different time intervals of 24 and 48 h. We employed MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate effects of the prepared extract on the cell cycle characteristics and its cytotoxic properties. -1 Results: Based on the data obtained from the MTT test, the highest toxicity of the extract observed at the concentration of 1000 µ GML within 48 h after the extract exposure. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic extract was 150 and 50 µ GML-1 at 24 and 48 h, respectively. According to the data obtained from flow cytometry analysis, the extract arrests cell cycle in 24 and 48 h treatment groups. -1 Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia at certain concentrations inhibits the growth of SKBr3 breast cancer cells by ceasing cell cycle step.