Iran is an essential metal which involved in more cell activities in the form of ‎enzymes and/or other metaloproteins. Indium is one of the toxic elements that may be ‎interfered with iron metabolism. Using this element has increased recently by ‎different industry. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to study interfere of ‎indium on first phase of iron metabolism (absorption intestinal) by averted gut sac ‎‎(E.G.S). Preliminary results showed that the optimum concentration of iron and ‎indium for best intestinal absorption were 102 and 70 mg/I, respectively. Addition of ‎glucose to incubation media caused increase in iron and/or indium absorption and ‎reduction was seen where ouabain was added to the media, suggest a probable active ‎transport of the element across of the intestinal mucosal cell. Iron absorption was ‎reduced almost by 28% when indium was presented in incubation media. Results ‎obtained from this study indicated that indium might be able to interfere with iron ‎metabolism, at intestinal absorption‏.‏

Smoking has not only enormous deleterious effects on cardiovascular, cerebral, and bronchial organs but also profoundly alters the function of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms. Except the sole curiously observed benefit of smoking on the course of ulcerative colitis, it increases the prevalence of the common gastrointestinal diseases namely gastroesophageal acid reflux, peptic ulcer, and Crohn’s diseases. It also increases the incidence of cancer of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and liver mostly in a dose-response relationship and worsens the prognosis of colon cancer. The cessation of smoking is associated with the reduced incidence of cancer in the reported organs, but its effect on the regression of benign disease is not generally studied. The physicians must be aware not only of the harmful effect of smoking on the cardiovascular and bronchial systems, but also about the detrimental consequences of life-long smoking on the gastrointestinal tract and the increase of its benign and malignant diseases.

Numerous studies in humans and animals hypothesize that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of behavioral and neurological diseases such as depression, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Some of the most salient works so far regarding the brain-gut axis are mentioned below. The current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota on nervous system diseases is far from being directly used for pharmacologic or nutritional advice toward restoration of normal bodily functions. It seems that a more comprehensive approach should be followed so that the individual effect of each kind of intervention on the patient’, s somatic or psychological status is determined. Future research must address global need for regimens which could reestablish normal composition of gut microorganisms after each neuropsychological disorder.

Chylous ascites was diagnosed in a female neonate. Following the administration of a gastrografin enema, which showed the presence of gut malrotation, she was operated. This led to a complete recovery and optimal weight gain. For evaluation of chylous ascites in neonates, gut malrotation should be considered in order to prevent volvolus and further complications.