To investigate the response of corn to combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant Growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use chemical fertilizers based on soil test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop Growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant Growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the Growth and Growth indices of the plant. Combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant Growth promoting resulted in the highest Growth and final grain yield of corn.

مقدمه: افراد مبتلا به جراحت های حرارتی، افزایش کاتابولیسم پروتئین، تاخیر بهبود زخم، پاسخ ایمنی ضعیف و شیوع عفونت دارند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر 8 ماه تمرین مقاومتی بر سطوح (Growth hormone) GH، 3IGFBP (Insulin-like Growth factor binding protein3) و IGF1 (Insulin-like Growth factor1) پلاسمای افراد مبتلا به سوختگی شدید بود.روش ها: روش پژوهشی از نوع مورد منفرد با طرح خط پایه چندگانه شرکت کنندگان بود. آزمودنی های این پژوهش دو زن با سوختگی شدید (درجه 3) در دامنه سنی 30-20 سال در بیمارستان سوانح سوختگی مرکزی شهر بودند، که پس از تعیین موقعیت خط پایه، به صورت پلکانی وارد طرح پژوهشی شدند. بیماران طی 8 ماه مداخله انفرادی، تمرین های مقاومتی انجام دادند و یک ماه پس از پایان مداخله، به مدت 2 ماه پی در پی تحت آزمون پیگیری قرار گرفتند. ابزار سنجش پژوهش حاضر نمونه گیری خونی، به منظور اندازه گیری GH،IGF1 و IGFBP3 بود. نمونه های خونی به صورت ناشتا و 24 ساعت پس از تمرین ها در پایان هر ماه گرفته شد.یافته ها: بر اساس شاخص های آمار توصیفی و تحلیل دیداری، تمرین های مقاومتی در هر دو آزمودنی موجب تغییر در سطوح IGF1، IGFBP3 و GH شد. (Percentage of non-overlapping data) PND در 75 GH درصد برای آزمودنی اول و 87.5 درصد برای آزمودنی دوم و PND درIGF1   100 IGFBP3 ودرصد برای هر دو آزمودنی به دست آمد.نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد تمرین مقاومتی طولانی مدت بتواند باعث افزایش عوامل رشدی در افراد مبتلا به سوختگی شدید شود و یک محرک قوی برای سنتز پروتئین در این افراد باشد، یا از اثرات کاتابولیکی به وجود آمده پس از سوختگی و یا روند معکوس و کاهش بیش از حد این عوامل رشدی، پس از سوختگی جلوگیری کند و در نتیجه، باعث تسریع در بهبود جراحت ها شود.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

مقدمه: سرطان سینه، یک بیماری چند عاملی و دارای پتانسیل کشندگی است که علاوه بر ژنتیک، عوامل محیطی زیادی در آن نقش دارند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی بیان دو نشانگر زیستی (VEGF mRNA) Vascular endothelial Growth factor messenger RNA و Cytokeratin-19 mRNA (CK19 mRNA) و نیز نشانگر زیستی پروتئینی VEGF در خون محیطی بیماران مبتلا به سرطان سینه بود.روش ها: 40 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان سینه (گروه مورد) با 40 فرد سالم (گروه شاهد) مقایسه شدند. از روش Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR) برای تعیین میزان بیان دو نشانگر زیستی CK19 mRNA و VEGF mRNA استفاده شد. همچنین، پروتئین VEGF به روش (ELISA) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay اندازه گیری گردید.یافته ها: مثبت شدن نشانگر VEGF mRNA در گروه مورد در 30 نفر از 40 بیمار مشاهده شد. در گروه شاهد، 6 نفر از 40 نفر مثبت گزارش گردید. نشانگر CK19 mRNA در گروه مورد در 25 نفر از 40 نفر مثبت گردید و در گروه شاهد، در 7 نفر از 40 نفر مثبت گزارش شد. همچنین، سطح سرمی VEGF در 27 نفر از افراد گروه مورد مثبت بود.نتیجه گیری: در مجموع، می توان نتیجه ی این تحقیق در زمینه ی نشانگرهای سرطان سینه را به عنوان یک آزمایش تشخیصی غربالگری برای کشف زودرس بیماری در مراحل اولیه در نظر گرفت.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

As the most complex manufactured structures, cities face excessive population Growth. Their expansion has intensified on high-risk sites, and the available evidence also indicates the continuous increase of all types of natural crises in terms of intensity and frequency. Scientific and experimental findings show that the best way to deal with danger is to promote the resilience of settlements in different dimensions (social, economic-livelihood, physical-spatial and institutional); in other words, resilience in both human and environmental dimensions comprehensively. It decreases and increases. This research has evaluated and analyzed the components of resilience in Sari. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the four districts of Sari, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people, who were selected from among the statistical population by stratified sampling. The questionnaire is the method of collecting library and field information and its most important tool. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling) were used by SPSS and Smart PLS software, and entropy and SAW models were exerted. The research results indicate that the situation of the four regions of Sari regarding social components has better conditions than other dimensions of resilience. In terms of institutional components, they have a vulnerable state. According to the entropy model, among the components of resilience, the institutional dimension has the most weight, and the economic dimension has the least weight. Moreover, according to the SAV model, Region 1 ranks first, and Region 3 of Sari ranks last in having the components of resilience dimensions.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

در این مقاله، ارتباط کشاورزی پایدار با فقر و تلاشهای ترویج کشاورزی و اثرات آن بر مراکز روستایی شهرستان بهبهان مورد توجه واقع شده است. اطلاعات از 200 نفر از کشاورزان از 40 روستای این شهرستان بدست آمد. روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه بندی چند مرحله ای برای انتخاب روستاها و کشاورزان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته های حاصل از تحلیل مسیر داده ها در 3 الگوی علی مختلف به خوبی پیچیدگی ارتباطات بین متغیرها و تخریب محیط زیست را نشان می دهند، بطوریکه بین فقر و ناپایداری رابطه علی وجود دارد. عدم وجود اثر علی مستقیم سطح بکارگیری تکنولوژی و برخورداری از امکانات ترویجی بر پایداری سیستم کشاورزی در هر 3 الگو از محدودیتهای ساختاری و نهادی در ترویج و اشاعه بکارگیری تکنولوژیهای مناسب حکایت می کنند. درانتها ضرورت توجه به برنامه ریزیهای منطقه ای با در نظر گرفتن ویژگیهای اجتماعی – اقتصادی گروههای هدف در هر منطقه خاص، تغییر رهیافت متداول ارتباط ترویج و تحقیق و برنامه های آموزشی برای کارگزاران ترویج بیان شده است.