Objectives: Anxiety and adjustment disorders are of common psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer. Unfortunately most of psychiatric disorders are not diagnosed in cancer patients. Using appropriate measurements could be helpful for detecting patient's psychiatric problems. Method: The present study examined 96 patients with leukemia and lymphoma in their first episode of hospitalization in a hospital in Tehran. Semi structured clinical interview according to DSM criteria performed by a psychiatrist and Iranian version of HADS. Appropriate cut off point for anxiety subscale of HADS for identifying anxiety problems was determined. Results: 27% accuracy for detectable anxiety and adjustment disorders was showed by HADS. The area under the ROC curve was 0.722. It represents detectability of anxiety subscale of HADS for anxiety and adjustment disorders. Considering 4, 5, and 6 as cut-off points for anxiety scores of the subscale represents sensitivity 0.92, 0.85, and 0.81, and specificity 0.37, 0.44, and 0.54 respectively. Positive predictive values of mentioned cut-off points were 0.35, 0.36, and 0.39 and negative predictive values were 0.93, 0.89, and 0.89 respectively. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that it can be helpful to use HADS anxiety subscale for screening detectable anxiety and adjustment disorders by HADS in cancer patients.

Objectives: In order to reduce suffering in cancer patients from answering different questionnaires, this study aimed to explore whether the emotional functioning (derived from subscale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire-EORTC QLQ-C30) could quantify anxiety and depression in patients with different carcinomas. Methods: Sample of patients with gastrointestinal cancer attending to Tehran Cancer Institute were studied. Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires: the emotional functioning (EF-derived from the EORTC QLQ-C30) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The Pearson’ s correlation coefficient (r) and logistic regression analyses were performed in order to examine the association between emotional functioning (EF), anxiety, and depression. Results: In total 137 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 54. 6 (SD = 13. 8) years old; most were married (87%), male (55. 5%), and without any normal education (55. 5%). The mean emotional functioning score was 69. 3 (SD = 27. 3) and it was 7. 7 (SD = 4. 5) for anxiety and 8. 5 (SD = 3. 9) for depression. Significant negative correlations were found between EF subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and both subscales of the HADS (Anxiety: r =-0. 62, P < 0. 0001; Depression: r =-0. 54, P < 0. 0001). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed strong associations between emotional functioning, anxiety, and depression (odds ratio for anxiety: 0. 94, 95%; CI: 0. 92-0. 96, P < 0. 0001; odds ratio for depression: 0. 96, 95%; CI: 0. 94-0. 98; P < 0. 0001). No other variables studied showed significant results. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that emotional functioning subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 covers both anxiety and depression. Indeed it is robust to use emotional functioning subscale to assess psychological distress in cancer patients.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adult hospitalized patients in internal and surgical wards of Shiraz University Hospitals in year 2008.Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a cross sectional study. A validated measurement tool was used in this study was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (the questionnaire of case ness). Data collection was carried out in two major university hospitals and two private hospitals in Shiraz. Statistical analysis included the Student’s t test, and chisquare test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Thirty (4.3%) patients were normal within anxiety and depression, 216 (30.9%) were borderline cases of anxiety, 454 (64.9%) were probable cases of anxiety, 373 (53.4%) were borderline cases of depression and 296 (42.3%) were probable cases of depression. There was significant association between normal, borderline and probable groups of depression according to times of admissions and also between normal, borderline and probable groups of anxiety and depression according to duration of hospitalization and ward of admission. Most of borderline and probable cases of anxiety were admitted in internal ward. Most of normal and probable cases of depression were admitted in internal ward too.Discussion and conclusion: Prevalence of anxiety and depression in hospitalized medical patients is grate. The high levels of anxiety and depression detected in this sample suggests that screening for psychological comorbidity is important in rehabilitation settings and should be included in the clinical interview carried out by the nurse at the duration of admission to the ward. Accurate diagnosis of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in patients who admitted in medical care services is essential in understanding the cause and in optimizing the management of somatic symptom burden.

Background & Objectives: Anxiety, depression, and sexual problems are common in old age. Approximately one-third of the elderly with physical health problems experience anxiety and depression,however, anxiety is a widespread problem in older people’, s lives and is more common than depression. Moreover, the simultaneous development of anxiety is associated with health problems. This is because it is correlated with increased dysfunction, more healthcare visits, and decreased health-related quality of life. The Elderly are more prone to anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction, i. e., associated with reduced quality of life and adversely impacts the elderly’, s biopsychological function. The sexual problems of the elderly are usually hidden from the views of the physician or healthcare provider. This issue negatively impacts the mental health of the elderly. Thus, the elderly are exposed to potential threats, such as increased chronic diseases, loneliness, isolation, and the lack of social support. With the increase in the elderly population, the prevalence of mental disabilities increases, which is critical for healthcare and social systems. The elderly population of Iran is increasing. Few studies have been conducted in this regard. Thus, our study aimed to determine and compare depression, anxiety, and sexual inefficiency among the male and female elderly. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 elderly, including 53 women and 47 men referring to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. Samples were randomly selected by the convenience sampling method from the clients and evaluated through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Older people over 60 years living in Tehran who were willing to participate in the study were included. Elderly with chronic illnesses, mild to severe mental conditions, those using drugs that affect sexual potency, and those who did not want to continue research were excluded. The Hospital Anxiety assessed depression and anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and sexual inactivity were asked by the Arizona Scale Sexual Experience (ASEX). The obtained data were analyzed using mean comparison of t-tests, correlation, and Chi-squared test at the confidence level of 95% and the significance level below 5 in SPSS. Results: The gender-wise differences in the elderly revealed that sexual dysfunction was significantly higher in the female group than in men (p=0. 001). Moreover, women were significantly more anxious than men (p=0. 001). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning depression (p<0. 001). The study data indicated that between sexual dysfunction and depression in men (p<0. 001, r=0. 42), male anxiety (p<0. 001, r=0. 53), and between sexual dysfunction and depression in women (p<0. 001, r=0. 66), female anxiety (p<0. 001, r=0. 48), there was a significant linear correlation between male and female elderly. There was also a significant linear correlation between sexual dysfunction and depression (p<0. 001, r=0. 49) and between sexual dysfunction and anxiety (p<0. 001, r=0. 42) in the elderly. With increasing sexual dysfunction, depression and anxiety are elevated among the elderly. Conclusion: The present study data indicated that anxiety, depression, and sexual problems in the elderly are high. Older women have more sexual dysfunction and anxiety than older men. Furthermore, sexual dysfunction directly increases depression and anxiety in older men and women. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of these critical characteristics among the elderly and gender. Accordingly, it certainly improves the mental health status and quality of life in the elderly.