Cleft HAND deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the HAND with an incidence rate about 1.90000. It has two clinical types; Typical and Atypical. In this paper we are representing ten cases of this anomaly admitted during seven years from 1992 in Emam Khomeinie hospital. Some of the patients especially those with typical cleft HAND deformity achieved good functional results after surgical correction of the deformity. In the younger age group we observed better functional results.

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the HAND Static Rest Splint on reducing the pain and other compliance of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: In the present clinical trial, 12 patients, aged 35-50 (average: 39 years) with RA, referring to the Occupational Therapy Unit of Taleghani hospital and meeting America College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, were included. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was administered and swelling, tenderness and morning stiffness were assessed. Moreover, assessments of active range of motion using goniometry and grip strength with Jamar dynamometer in both HANDs were performed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using t-test and Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples and willcoxon tests and paired t-test for paired samples run in SPSS, version 18. The level of significance was set at p˂ 0. 05. Results: The findings showed that the Static Rest Splint led to improvement in the wrist range of motion (flexion p=0/005, extension p=0/03) when the two groups were compared, but it did not have a significant effect on Morning Stiffness (p=1), pain (p=0/1), Swelling (p=0/06), and Tenderness (p=0/2). However, when compared between after and before intervention in HAND with splint, pain (p=0/02) and wrist range of motion (p=0/004) improved. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, and since using splints only improve range of motion in the wrist compared between two groups and pain relief before and after the intervention, it seems that using HAND Static Rest Splint to reduce other symptoms need further investigation and also given that the use of this position without stress on the tendon can be effective in reducing the causes deformity, further studies are needed to more delineate these points.

The term histiocytosis refers to a group of idiopathic clinical entities characterized by diffuse proliferation of mature histiocytes associated with tumorlike masses of foamy reticuloendothelial cells containing lipoid droplets with variable number of eosinophiles & connective tissue. This cells causes tumorlike masses in the bones and other vicera in the body thus it may have very different clinical signs & symptoms. Also it may have acute and fulminant form or chronic and slowly progressive.We have an interesting case with multiple organ involvement and chronic otitis media with granulation in the external audiotory canal and perforation of tympanic membrane. The patient was three years old with diabets insipidus and visceral involvement such as hepato-splenomegaly. Histologic diagnosis was HAND Schuller Christian disease.

Introduction: Flood is a natural disaster that threatens the lives of millions of people yearly. Obtaining the flood zone and consequently obtaining the flood zone maps with a specific return period for a reach is one of the important issues. Therefore, estimation of flood maps is required for accurate river engineering studies, flood control projects and planning to reduce the economic and social flood damages. In most parts of the world, hydraulic models are the best ones for flood inundation mapping. However, due to the lack of data and numerical problems, it is not possible to use them for hydraulic simulations. Different of these models, topographically based models such as HAND due to their simple structure and minimum data requirements are the best choice for data sparse regions. Hence, evaluating the performance of the HAND model, which relies solely on topographic features, is one of the objectives of the present project. Methodology: In this study, the flood maps are determined using the HAND model with a calibration based on satellite observations. Seimareh river is selected as a case study to challenge the performance of the model in relation to the observational data and HEC-RAS hydraulic model. In addition, the efficiency of HAND model in low and high flows compared with a 1D and 2D hydraulic model to evaluate the performance of the model in different flow conditions. Results and Discussion: The most important results can be summarized as follows: • The results obtained from the HAND model indicate that this model has the high potential for flood inundation mapping in Seimareh river. The similarity percentages of the estimated and observed flood extents are higher than 92%. Also, the average relative error (ARE) between HAND model and observed flood extents through the study reach is 8. 5%. • The results in Seimareh river show that changing the discharge value does not change the performance of HAND model and the model has a good capability compared to HEC-RAS model. Based on the findings, the similarity percentage of estimated (based on HEC-RAS) and observed flood extents is limited to 83%. The ARE value of HECRAS model in simulation of flood extents is 13%. • Despite the excellent performance of the HAND model in estimating the flood maps, in some parts of the study reach there are differences between the HAND model, satellite images, and the hydraulic model. The main reason of this discrepancy can be related to the extraction and using only one rating-curve for Seimareh river. Therefore, dividing the river into different segments, which contain similar roughness coefficient and river geometry, can significantly increase the performance of the model. • Hydraulic model compared to HAND has more error in estimating flood extents. The main reason for this can be related to important factors such as distance between cross sections, computational dimensions, numerical parameters used in the 1D and 2D hydraulic models (such as θ parameter and currant number), boundary conditions, computational time step and Manning roughness coefficient for each cross section. In general, more factors affect the performance of the hydraulic models and affect theirs outputs, while the HAND model experiences relatively better conditions in this regard. Conclusion: Flood inundation mapping (FIM) is one the key parts of river engineering and flood control studies. Therefore, using a reliable and robust method for calculation of FIM is paramount of importance. In this research, the applicability of a topographic-based method (HAND model) is investigated in Seimareh River. In addition, the performance of is compared with HEC-RAS model and observed flood extents. Findings clearly showed that the HAND model, in spite of having simple structure, performed better than HEC-RAS and estimated the FIM as well as observed flood maps. This model can be used in data sparse regions or large scale reaches in which setting up or running hydrodynamic models is a daunting and time consuming task. Finally, coupling HAND approach with flood warning models can be used as an applicable system for flood emergency management and flood control studies.

Background: QTc distance fluctuations are related to resting and exercise with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of functional parameters of the heart and QTc interval in active and inactive men in one of the most isometric and isotonic exercise activities. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in 2018 with a pre-test and post-test. A total of 20 healthy active and inactive volunteers (n = 10) were randomly selected and HAND-grip exercise protocol with maximal intentional contraction was performed as isometric with a longer stroke in the Fullext elbow mode by pressing the dynamometer knob for 30 seconds. After 60 minutes of rest, the isotonic protocol was run at the 90 degree Flex elbow angle of 15 sts. The change in QTc interval was corrected using the Bazett formula for heart rate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded using a gyro barometer. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis (P≤ 0. 05) in SPSS, version 21. Results: The statistical findings showed a significant increase in cardiac performance indices of systolic blood pressure (1166. ± 6. 74), heart rate (112. 60± 10. 81), and the result of a doubling of pulse-pressure (RPP) (13. 53± 1. 31) after isometric activity in active and inactive patients. But QTc (420. 3± 36) distance and R-Rdistance (512. 20± 64. 36) after isotonic activity increased significantly. There was a significant difference in QTc changes, heart rate, R-Rspacing, and RPP between the three stages (p<0. 05); however, there was no significant difference between the diastolic and diastolic blood pressure variables. Conclusion: It seems that QTc after isotonic exercises can be screened for cardiovascular disease and assessing the cardiovascular status. It is also useful in predicting cardiovascular events.

Introduction: Health-related physical fitness requires muscular strength to perform physical activities. The HANDgrip test is used to assess the muscular strength of the HAND. The flexor muscle strength in palmar, thenar, and hypothenar areas of the HAND collectively form the HANDgrip Strength (HGS). However, the extensor mechanism, including the intrinsic musculature, plays a minor role in producing HANDgrip strength. Also, each finger plays an essential role in HANDgrip strength. This study aims to identify the association between the HANDgrip strength and the HANDspan of the dominant and non-dominant HANDs of undergraduate physical therapy students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on undergraduate physical therapy students. Different public and private physical therapy schools and universities in Karachi City, Pakistan were chosen to collect the data with an estimated sample size of 100 undergraduate physical therapy students. The sampling was done by the non-probability convenient sampling method. The inclusion criteria were undergraduate physiotherapy students (from both genders) and willing to participate in the study. Results: The Pearson test was used to determine the significant correlation between HANDgrip strength and HANDspan. The results showed the mean and standard deviation of HANDgrip strength (dominant HAND) was 25. 96± 11. 538, of HANDgrip strength in Kg (non-dominant HAND) was 24. 93± 12. 336, and of HANDspan length in Cm of the dominant HAND was 20. 2910± 1. 78671. The present study showed a positive association between HANDgrip strength and HANDspan. The HANDgrip strength of the non-dominant HAND was higher than the dominant HANDgrip strength values. HANDspan was also higher in the non-dominant HAND compared with the dominant HAND, but this difference is not significant. Conclusion: The HANDgrip strength of physical therapy students had a positive association with the HANDspan. The HANDspan and dominant HAND influence HANDgrip strength.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the most common causes of work-related illnes, reimbursement and absence among workers in working environments throughout the world. Among various factors, exposure to vibration is one of the main causes of these injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of key factors on the occurrence and exacerbation of the effects of exposure of HAND-arm to vibration. Materials and Methods: In this study, the amount of vibration as well as the amount of grasp force for 57 workers working with pneumatic torque wrench in an automobile industry was measured. Results: The main findings of the study showed that the mean grasp force of the workers after exposure to vibration decreased from 43. 22 to 40. 90 kg. The results of this study can provide valuable information on designing tools, controlling the incidence and outbreak of vibrational disorders. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, an average of 5. 67% reduction was observed in grasp force. Moreover, due to the strong correlation between the mean grasp force difference of workers before and after exposure to vibration and a 4-hour acceleration in the X axis, it can be concluded that the critical axis of the HAND-arm vibration is in the X-axis in the pneumatic torque wrench.