The HEAT LOSSES are mainly affects on the performance of cavity receiver of solar concentrator. In this paper, the experimental and numerical study is carried out for different HEAT LOSSES from cylindrical cavity receiver of 0.35 m cavity diameter and 0.55 m opening diameter with wind skirt. The total and convection LOSSES are studied experimentally to no wind conditions for the temperature range of 60 °C to 80 °C at 0°, 25°, 50°, 75° and 90° inclination angle of cavity receiver .The experimental set up mainly consists of cylindrical cavity receiver which is insulated with glass wool insulation to reduce the HEAT LOSSES from outside surface.. The numerical analysis was carried out with Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, to study connective HEAT LOSSES for no wind condition. The numerical results are compared with experimental results and found good agreement with maximum deviation of 13%. The effect of inclination angle of cavity receiver on total LOSSES & convection LOSSES shows that as the inclination angle increases from 0o to 90o, both LOSSES decreased due to decreased in convective zone into the cavity receiver. The effect of operating temperature of cavity shows that as the temperature of cavity receiver increases, the total and convective LOSSES goes on increasing. The present results are also compared to the convective LOSSES obtained from M. Prakash. The convective loss from M. Prakash shows nearest prediction to both experimental and numerical results.

The cylinder working fluid mean temperature, rate of HEAT fluxes to combustion chamber and temperature distribution on combustion chamber surface will be calculated in this research. By simulating thermodynamic cycle of engine, temperature distribution of combustion chamber will be calculated by the Crank-Nicolson method. An implicit finite difference method was used in this code.Special treatments for piston movement and a grid transformation for describing the realistic piston bowl shape were designed and utilized. The results were compared with a finite element method and were verified to be accurate for simplified test problems. In addition, the method was applied to realistic problems of HEAT transfer in an Isuzu Diesel engine, and gave good agreement with available experimental.

The entropic potential LOSSES number shows the reduction of energy quality as a function of the entropy produced in a process. In this research, using the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) method, the minimization of the entropic potential LOSSES in a gasket-plate HEAT exchanger has been studied. Considering six design variables: number of plates, cold inlet fluid temperature, mass flow rate of hot fluid, hot inlet fluid temperature, plate pitch, and plate width. The results showed that minimizing the entropic potential LOSSES number increases the HEAT transfer rate by 103% and the efficiency of the HEAT exchanger by 27%. Also, the effect of some geometric and process parameters on the entropic potential loss number has also been investigated in this research. It was observed that by increasing the mass flow rate of the hot fluid in the gasket-plate HEAT exchanger, the entropic potential LOSSES number will increase. It was also seen that the entropic potential loss number will also increase with the increase of hot outlet fluid temperature. It was found that with a decrease of 20 degrees Kelvin in the outlet temperature of the hot fluid, the entropic potential LOSSES number decreased by about 0.06.

This study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and HEAT LOSSES through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6± 0. 5 months and 139. 50± 25. 56 kg of live weight, mean± SD) were randomly as-signed to a replicated latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The experimental pe-riod consisted of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 6 days of sampling and 5 days of wash out. The diets were: control (CO), chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan), whole raw soybeans (WS, 163. 0 g/kg of WS on diet DM basis), and chitosan + whole raw soybeans (CHI+WS). Chitosan de-creased DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (0. 79 and 0. 31 kg/d, respectively), increased the eat-ing time (31. 88 min) and decreased the NDF content of regurgitate rumen bolus (57 g). Whole raw soy-beans did not affect feeding behavior, except for a higher time in standing rest. The association of CHI and WS increased the time which animal ruminated stand. The diets did not influence superficial temperature of heifers. However, WS diet increased HEAT LOSSES by radiation and convection. The highest values of HEAT LOSSES were observed after 2 hours of feeding. The interaction of CHI and WS did not alter feeding behavior and HEAT LOSSES. Feeding WS to heifers increased the total HEAT LOSSES.