Background and Objectives: Although a significant number of Covid-19 patients tend to be hospitalized, few studies have explored the factors related to the Hospitalization of these patients. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the Hospitalization and duration of Hospitalization of the patients with Covid-19 in Shohada Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran in the first half of 2020. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made checklist. The checklist was sent to 15 specialists in the fields of epidemiology, nursing, statistics and general practitioners to check the content validity. Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to check the validity of the content of the checklist and Cronbach's alpha index was used to assess the reliability. To investigate the relationship between the studied variables, independent t-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson test were used at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The Cronbach's alpha index of the study checklist was equal to (r = 0. 824). The total values of the CVI and CVR index for the whole checklist were found to be 0. 870 and 0. 733respectively. Therefore, it can be claimed that the checklist used in this study an acceptable level of content validity. 291 patients participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the length of hospital stay was 7. 59 ± 4. 14 days. There was a significant relationship between total length of hospital stay and each of the following variables: history of renal impairment (P-value = 0. 034), presence of symptoms of shortness of breath (P-value = 0. 007), nausea (P-value = 0. 016), oxygen therapy (P-value = 0. 022), use of Apotel (P-value = 0. 045), use of Kaltera (P-value = 0. 020), and hydroxychloroquine use (P-value = 0. 022). Conclusion: Symptoms of dyspnea, age, and oxygen therapy were the most important factors influencing the length of hospital stay. Thus, physicians and nurses should prioritize the use of oxygen therapy for patients, especially the elderly ones with the symptoms of dyspnea, in order to accelerate the recovery of the patients, and consequently reduce the duration of Hospitalization.

Repeated Hospitalization due to chronic illnesses in children is inevitable, and as the result both parents and children experience stressful times. Considering that the parent s anxiety is easily transferred to children, talented, powerful and efficient parents can provide a safe support system for their ill child. Many parents show aggressive behavior, specially when they are not aware of the cause of the disease or the medical procedures which are done for their patients.Other sources of anxiety may be financial problems, child intolerance, separation from their most loved ones, uncertainty about future and probability of the disease being contagious.Consequently, these parents show different unsuitable behavior such as, restlessness, hypersensitivity and withdrawal.Nurses, whom are accessible, powerful and knowledgeable enough to give both parents and children support, play an important and undeniable role in reducing anxiety and sadness of both groups.

Introduction: Severe Psychiatricillness is accompanied by gross disturbances in patient's occupational role. This study presents a comparative picture of work performance before and after psychiatric Hospitalization.Method: Subjects comprised 440 psychiatric admitters from Noor Medical center - Isfahan - Iran, who were followed from November 1999 to November 2000. Their work adjustment was measured by means of Weiss man's index. Data were computer analyzed using SPSS by running paired t- student and ANOVA.Results: Majority of the patients (53%) were without permanent sources of income before psychiatric Hospitalization, about 12 percent of those who were working prior to Hospitalization lost their job after being discharged from hospital. Better work adjustment before Hospitalization was positively correlated with better work adjustment after discharge for working patients (r=0/66). Working ability of the patients after discharge was lesser than before the attack f9r patients with regular and irregular job (P<001).Discussion: Job loss or poor working ability after psychiatric admission reported by several researchers and has bean confirmed in this study as well. These observatoins have been discussed in view of the current socio economic problems in the society and nature of psychiatric disturbances.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood with an increased rate of Hospitalization. In order to detemine the considerable factors for Hospitalization of asthmatic children in our patients, we carried out a retrospective study of children with asthma who were admitted to children Medical center affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences over a 3 year period ( 1993-1995). In this study 100 admitted asthmatic children were evaluated including 58 males and 42 females . The mean age of patients at the time of study was 19 months (6 months- 12 years). Fifty – three out of 100 patients (53%) were admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). 26 out of 53 patients admitted to ICU, required tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Among the 100 admitted patients, 78 patients had respiratory infection before Hospitalization, 60 had history of emergency room visit for asthma in 48 hours prior to Hospitalization and 23 patients were steroid dependent. Family of 90 patients had little formal education about asthma. We conclude that most asthma exacerbations are provoked by respiratory infections, and proper family education is essential for improving outcome of asthma management

Background & Objective: Each year thousands of children under five years old die due to acute respiratory infection and diarrheal diseases. A huge number of infants and children are hospitalized and visited by the physicians whereas most of these diseases can be prevented with timely treatment. Child health maintenance and improvement is one of the most important considerations in each society. Moreover, identifying child morbidity patterns should be a matter of concern in order to improve the health services. This study provides an overview of the leading causes of Hospitalization among children with the aim of determining the most important causes of Hospitalization and offering appropriate strategies to decrease them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2001 in Ardabil Ali-Asghar hospital. The subjects were randomly selected from the admission list on a daily basis. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics such as age, sex, time of admission and primary diagnosis was completed for each subject. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1945 patients were admitted almost half of which were studied. Febrile convulsion was found to be the most common cause of Hospitalization (26%) while gastroenteritis (22.1%) and pneumonia (20%) were in the second and third order. Other causes included epilepsy, drug poisoning, meningitis, mumps, drug encephalitis, asthma, etc. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, standard case management is necessary especially about febrile convulsion which is the most common cause of Hospitalization. Since the present pattern is different from similar studies, further investigations are required to identify its causes.

Background: Poisoning is one of the most important medical emergencies. In recent years, prevalence of poisoning with opioids and stimulants, such as amphetamines, especially among young people is rising. In this study we investigated demographic factors, duration of Hospitalization, costs of Hospitalization, and cause of death in patients intoxicated with amphetamines and opioids.Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive– analysis study. The sampeling was census of patients intoxicated with amphetamines and opioids alone or combined, who reffered to toxicology ward of Aliasghar hospital, Iran.Findings: During 6 months, among 2325 patients who referred to toxicology ward, 542 patients (23.3%) consumed amphetamines (98 patients used opioids, 419 patients used amphetamines, and 25 patients used both of them). The mean age of patients in three groups was not significantly different.Most patients were male in all three groups. The most route of consumption was orally in opioid group (74.5%) and inhalation in amphetamine group (42.9%). The most cause of poisoning was intentional.Vital signs in the admission time in the three groups were normal, but in the amphetamine group, the average of heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate and blood pressure was slightly higher than opioid group.4 patients were died totally and the outcome was not significantly different between groups.The mean age of died patients was sigmificantly higher than two alive patients. The duration of Hospitalization was higher in patients who died.Conclusion: According to our results intoxication with amphetamines and opioids was seen in young men more than other groups. Therefor control and prevention of consumption of opioids or amphetamines in this this group is an important way to reduce this kind of intoxication.

Systemic Lupus erythematosus is a relatively common rheumatologic disease. In this article we reviewed all systemic Lupus erythematosus admissions to Imam Reza Hospital during 6 years period. The goal of this study was to determine the rate and nature of disease activity, infection and its association with overall disease activity.Eighty two patients were admitted during 6 years, from 1372 to 1377. Sixty four patients were female and eighteen patients were male.The most common cause of Hospitalization was disease activity (67%). The second cause was infection (30%).We found out that disease activity has an important role for Hospitalization in systemic Lupus erythematosus patient. Infection is associated with overall disease activity and can be a significant cause of hospitalizaiton. Corticosteroid complication is the other cause of Hospitalization too.