Environmental stresses are one of the most important factors of agricultural products reduction in the world. The influence of different concentrations of nickel nitrate (0, 100, 200 and 500 mM in Hoagland’s solution) on dry matter, catalase enzyme, flavonoids, hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase Enzyme, MDA and accumulation of Ni were studied in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plants. Treatment with Ni led to significant increase in flavonoids, hydrogen peroxide, MDA and other aldehyde. Exposure of coriander plant to Ni altered catalase enzymes, leading to significant decrease in their contents. In both shoots and roots of coriander plants, significant decrease in dry matter was observed. Ni accumulation increased significantly in shoots and roots. Ni increased in the roots more than the shoots. According to a more accumulation of Ni in the roots, the expansion of plants root can help to better adaptability with the toxicity of metals. It may be used as an indicator to illustrate the differences between plant species.

Green fodder plants serve as a vital source of nutrition for livestock. However, ensuring an adequate supply of these plants for livestock faces with challenges such as limited agricultural areas, water scarcity, and negative impacts from environmental and climatic factors. To address these challenges, various strategies can be employed. Hydroponic fodder production system is new technology that can be used to produce fodder for livestock feed without using land and soil. Hydroponic fodder production has gained significant attention and is a prominent area of research in the field of agriculture. Many countries are actively working towards developing and implementing this technology to enhance livestock feed production. The purpose of this study is to focuses on the chemical composition and nutritional value of hydroponic fodder in livestock production. Also, the effect of feeding hydroponic fodder on livestock production and productivity has been reviewed. This review helps determine the potential benefits and practical implications of incorporating hydroponic fodder into livestock feeding programs.

Purpose Liquid organic fertilizers produced from agricultural residues and industrial wastes are becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to examine the effect of liquid organic fertilizers produced from waste molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves on the growth of Green Cos Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia). Methods Six formulas of liquid organic fertilizers were produced with different ratios of substrates (molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves). The measurements of chemical, microbiological and germination index of fertilizers were studied. Hydroponic using nutrient film technique system was used to grow vegetables with fertilizers. Results Fertilizers showed the ranges of chemical parameters as follows: pH 4. 5– 7. 8, EC 25– 33 dS/m, total N 0. 14– 0. 33%, total P2O5 0. 002– 0. 017%, total K2O 0. 81– 11. 8%, OM 0. 26– 3. 25%, OC 0. 26– 3. 20% and C: N ratio 6. 14– 17. 92. Microbiological analysis indicated total microorganism of 9. 99– 9. 05 logCFU/ml. Nitrogen fixers, phosphate and potassium solubilizing agents were found in all formulas. IAA concentration was 1. 13– 59. 53 mg/l. The fertilizers produced after 30 days of fermentation and used at a dilution of 1: 100 gave more than 100% germination index showing non-phytotoxicity characteristics. The results for the hydroponic system showed that liquid fertilizer formula 3 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves: filtrate water 1: 0. 1: 0. 25 v: w: v) and formula 5 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves 1: 0. 25: 0. 25 v: w: v) demonstrated the best growth performance, which was similar to plants treated with liquid chemical fertilizer. Conclusion This study showed that organic liquid fertilizers formulas 3 and 5 had similar growth promotion properties as chemical fertilizers with Green Cos Lettuce. Moreover, our products are organic and serve as a rich nutrient source for the plant.