Among the rules that jurisprudential scholars, jurisprudence, jurists, and scholars of rhetoric have investigated are their lexical roots and customary meanings and cited their opinions in this regard as a reason or preference. Rule: "Foundation Precedes Emphasis" is the one that in the interpretation prefers the new meaning to the repetition and emphasis on the old meaning in explaining the words, and considers the new effect and independent benefit of words better than emphasizing the previous meaning. The current research is descriptive and analytical in order to express the importance, position, capacity and how to use the aforementioned rule in different sciences and examples its comparative use has been shown in the interpretation of the Qur'an, principles of jurisprudence, law and vocabulary. In other words, the necessity of paying attention to the principles of jurisprudence stems from the fact that they are basic principles, a mechanism that helps in achieving the outcome of the work of the mujtahid and his aim in ijtihad what he strives for. The study leads to results, including this rule which is one of the branches of “the implementation of speech takes precedence over its neglect,” and that it aims to preserve speech from being abolished. It does not deal with the cases, in which, it is necessary to confirm or establish because of evidence where there is no justification for opposition or recommendation.

The electrical behavior of neurons can be more complex in the presence of autapse. In the presence of an autaptic connection, the Izhikevich neuron model can show a variety of dynamic behaviors, such as chaotic behavior. This paper presents a novel, high speed and robust pseudo random number generator based on the autaptic Izhikevich neuron oscillator and its FPGA implementation. The autaptic Izhikevich neuron model is simulated and dynamically analyzed. Then, the proposed pseudo-random number generator is modeled and simulated using the Xilinx system generator platform, synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tool, and implemented on the XILINX SPARTAN-6 XC6SLX9 FPGA evaluation board. As a post processing operation, the XOR function is used to increase the randomness of the output bit sequences. The FPGA implementation results show that the implementation cost of the proposed pseudo-random number generator is lower than similar works, and the proposed generator achieves a maximum frequency of 63.2 MHz. The NIST test suite is used for testing the quality of the generated bit sequences. The NIST test results indicates the high quality of the generated random bit sequence.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

This paper presents a picture of the feasible implementation of the newly proposed National Curriculum in Iran, and attempts to show that how much “the implementing considerations of this curriculum” fits with the “global and national experiences” of curriculum implementations. For this purpose, the author analyzed the relative documents and observations. The study showed that the implementation of large scales curriculum requires four levels of decision makings including; definition of views, indication of approaches, selection of methods and establishment of an implementation style. Although there is a compilation of positive experiences in the past regarding curriculum implementations, it seems that writers of the proposed National Curriculum have not taken them into consideration. On the contrary, it looks like that the writers prefer to use a differenciative view, engineering approach and incremental method for the implementation of the proposed National Curriculum in which, some parts of the present curriculum is accepted as suitable along with the implementation of the proposed curriculum. As well, the implementation of a program necessitates the agreement of stakeholders, human resources, facilities, and monitoring. But, in describing the implementation of the proposed document, there is little or no attention pays to these four categories. However, for the evaluation of the necessary requirements for implementation of the National Curriculum of the I.R. of Iran, the valuable experiences of the evaluation of two educational systems in Iran and the international experiences have been available and yet, it seems that this document has been prepared independent of these experiences.

In the field of implementation research, it is widely recognised that ‘, context matters. ’,Attempts to implement innovations, research and new knowledge into practice invariably meet contextual challenges at multiple levels during the process of implementation. The paper by Squires and colleagues provides a detailed insight into the many different features and attributes of context. Yet, as this commentary argues, there are significant challenges ahead if we are to apply our growing understanding about context to improve the practice of implementation in everyday healthcare. This will require attention to the practicalities of working with context to achieve successful implementation.

Lean production and enterprise resource planning systems are often quoted as being the two most important strategies for achieving competitive advantage in today’s global manufacturing environments. Though IT has traditionally been viewed as a contributor to waste within lean production, we suggest that modern developments in IT and the onset of hybrid ‘‘push-pull’’ production control mechanisms have allowed ERP and lean approaches to converge towards a state where ERP systems can in fact be used to support the deployment of lean practices. This paper analyses typical lean and ERP implementation processes contained within the scientific literature, and by further examining a concurrent implementation process in real-time, we develop and propose a process for ERP-based lean implementations. Our findings suggest that the implementation of a contemporary ERP system can act as a catalyst for the application of lean production practices.

Iran is facing extensive problems in the field of water resources management, which is caused by the reduction of renewable water resources, increase in demand and unprincipled management. In addition, factors such as climate changes, frequent droughts, excessive exploitation of underground resources and imbalance in water distribution between agricultural, industrial and urban sectors have also led to the aggravation of the crisis in sustainable water supply.