Purpose: The future of the construction industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Purpose: Due to the great damage that Corona has inflicted on the tourism industry, neglecting the future of tourism marketing can pose a serious challenge to this industry and economy and have irreparable consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors, drivers and future scenarios of the tourism marketing.Method: The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of methodology. The method of this research is scenario writing using MicMac software to identify key drivers and scenarios with Wizard scenario software.Findings: First, the future trends and meta-trends of post-corona tourism marketing were identified, of which 41 key trends and 8 meta-trends were identified. According to experts, 19 key factors in the future of tourism marketing in post- corona were identified using the cross-impact analysis and questionnaire completion. Then, using the cross-impact analysis questionnaire and with the help of the Wizard scenario software, two groups of favorable and unfavorable scenarios were identified.Conclusion: Based on the research results, there are two favorable scenarios and two unfavorable scenarios that can help marketing and tourism policy-makers and decision-makers to take into account the effective factors and scenarios proposed for proper planning of industry in the post-Corona era.

In the present study has attempted a comprehensive definition of the concept of halal industry is presented, including solvents and products that are currently solvent range very wide range of economic activities, production, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health care, textiles, clothing, leather and activities financial, banking, travel, tourism should be included. Then studied history and certification solvents discussed in this solvent and the World Council for Research and Information Center, Room salami as two valid reference have been introduced. The solvent mass exporters certificate required standard and address unit has been proposed. Also investigate consumer market solvent products in the world and the main producers of halal food in the world and ultimately paid halal industry in Iran has been studied.

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid climates,Due to the fact such country is facing with the growing consumption of water that can be addressed to the water crisis audience in the coming years. Therefore, to tackle the problem we should be sensitive about all type of water consumption. The industry sector is one of the consumers of water resources in the country and optimization of water consumption in this sector is a crucial priority that must be considered. This plan could save water consumption and also, the water needs of industries will also be met in the future. The present study was conducted on one of the largest detergent factories in Qazvin province. A system boundary analysis is provided for a detergent plant and specifies the range of calculations of water use factors. Using data from the plant and related calculations, the total water footprint of the plant in 2019 is estimated to be 26. 64 𝑚, 3 for each product. Direct and indirect water footprints were estimated to be 0. 658 and 25. 9 𝑚, 3, respectively, indicating a high share of detergent production in water consumption. In this study, the amount of gray water footprint in the detergent industry was calculated and its rate for a detergent plant was calculated to be 14. 5 cubic meters per tonne of product per year.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate and study industry specific determinants of Iran's intra industry trade (IIT) types. To this end, we use the data on foreign trade and industry specific for 16305 Iranian manufacturing firms in 2002 at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification. Results imply that dominant market structure in intra industry trade types of Iranian manufacturing industry is an imperfect competition. Specifically, economies of scale, low concentration and product differentiation are important determinants of Iran's manufacturing industry IIT types. Furthermore, the research and development expenditures and foreign direct investment have significant and positive effects on Iran's IIT.Industry specific characteristics such as economies of scale and product differentiation, R&D and FDI are important factors in promoting IIT in Iran.

Among non-oil and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model is used to estimate Iran’s bilateral intra-industry trade in pharmaceutical products in the 2001-2012 periods. To illustrate the extent of pharmaceutical’s intra-industry trade between Iran and its major trading partners, the explanatory variables of market size, income, factor endowments, distance, cultural contributions, and similarities and also special trade arrangements have been applied. Analysis of factors affecting Iran’s bilateral intra-industry trade in pharmaceutical industry showed that the average GDP and cultural similaritieshad a significant positive impact on Iran’s bilateral IIT, while the difference in GDP has a negative and significant effect. Coefficients obtained for the geographical distance and the average ratio of total capital to the labor force is not consistent with theoretical expectations. Special trade arrangements did not have significant impact on the extent of bilateral intra-industry trade between Iran and its trading partners. The knowledge of the intra-industry trade between Iran and its trade partners make integration between the countries. Factors affecting this type of trade pattern underlie its development in trade relationship. Therefore, the findings of this study would be useful in helping to develop and implement policies for the expansion of the pharmaceutical trade.