Two refutations which were written within a short space of time from one another in the sixth Islamic century, one on the basis of Ash'arite theology and the other on Mu'tazilite theology, criticize those views of the philosophers which are related to religious doctrines, each using a particular approach. These two refutations differ from each other fundamental ways with regard to the motive of their authors, their method of critiquing philosophical issues, their content and the degree of their influence. In this article the author has compared the two mentioned texts on the basis of this fourfold difference.

Kazim Tina is one of the first writers in Iran whose earliest works were published in 1320 (1941). Those of his works that are addressed in this study were published in decades of 1340, 1350 (1960, 1970) when the first works of postmodernism were just being published in the other parts of the world. At that time in Iran, nobody paid much attention to his works since those works were quite different from modernism and too weird for that time. And now they are going to be forgotten. In this paper, it has been shown that his works include the most important characteristics of postmodernism in a premature and spontaneous way. Some of those characteristics are the significance of ontological theme, Incoherence and absence of plot, revelation of novel techniques, short circuit, indeterminacy, ambiguity, contradiction, chaotic setting, intertextuality, rebellious characters, and unification of characters. In this study, these characteristics are examined in some of Tina’s short stories which apparently show the postmodern nature of these works.

This paper presents some of the most important components and features of postmodernism, such as the significance of ontological theme, Incoherence, mixing literary types (genres), short circuit, uncertainty, ambiguity, intertextuality, paranoia, and etc. Further, the existence of some of these elements in Dr. Shamisa’s novel is discussed with reference to the documents mentioned in the text. Actually, this novel has entered the postmodern area in a novel and original way as it includes the dominant elements of postmodernism through signalizing the ontological themes and with the use of mystical discussions in a functional manner. Although this study includes the elements of modernism, it has also highlighted the epistemological and ontological themes closely.

The literary schools have always been localizated. The localization of these schools have been different in different countries and different times etc. This is true about the latest literary school- Postmodernism- too. And because of the features of Postmodernism- which don, t have discipline- mentioned differences are more extreme in Postmodernism.In this paper, we examine an Iranian novel, to discuss the evolution of postmodernism and its localization in Iranian stories. First, we examine the most important postmodern elements in the mentioned text using some examples from it. The postmodern elements include: Incoherence, various ontological levels and their continuous interference, indeterminacy, multiple endings, short circuit, rebellious characters, mixing genres, revealing narration techniques and talking about story and story writing techniques (meta-fiction techniques), inter-textuality, hermaphrodite characters or no-gender characters, location and temporal distortion, collapse of meta-narratives, continuous switching of narrators and point of view, extra-emphasis on details for disturbing the text, and paranoid characters. We show that these postmodern elements are structured to emphasize the dominant element of postmodernism, which is the ontological theme. Thus, we believe this novel is a perfect example of postmodernism in contemporary Iranian stories and can help in understanding the evolution and localization of the postmodern techniques in Iran.

Lencucha and Thow have highlighted the way in which neo-liberalism is enshrined within institutional mechanisms and conditions the policy environment to shape public policy on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). They critique the strong (but important) focus of public health policy research on corporate interests and influence over NCD policy, and point toward neo-liberal policy paradigms shaping the relationship between the state, market and society as an area for critique and further exploration. They also importantly underline the way in which the neo-liberal policy paradigm shapes the supply of unhealthy goods and argue that health advocates have not engaged enough with supply side issues in critiques of policy debates on NCDs. This is an important consideration especially in the Asia-Pacific where trade and agricultural policies have markedly shaped production and what is being produced within countries. In this commentary, I reflect upon how neoliberalism shapes intersectoral action across trade, development and health within and across institutions. I also consider scope for international civil society to engage in advocacy on NCDs, especially where elusive ‘ discourse coalitions’ influenced by neoliberalism may exist, rather than coordinated ‘ advocacy coalitions. ’

The recitation of ancient poems in contemporary Persian novels has a different function according to the style of the story and the school of the author,As in postmodern Persian novels, ancient Persian poems have been used to create Incoherence, timeliness and change in historical characters. According to this point, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the function and role of the reflection of ancient poems in the novel "The Man of Always Anxiety" by Mohammad Ayoubi by documentary method. The results of the research show that Ayoubi, using this technique in the novel, has created polyphony and by using certain poems from Shahnameh, he has portrayed a helpless and hopeless character of Ferdowsi. Also, the martyrdom of characters such as Bijan to the poetry of Manouchehri and Ferdowsi to the poetry of Hafez and Saadi, has led to a kind of aphorism in the story and the narrative aspect of the novel has been highlighted. Ayoubi has also highlighted issues less important than her life in literary history by selecting marginal poems about Ferdowsi's life.

In this paper, the face detection problem is considered using the concepts of compressive sensing technique. This technique includes the dictionary learning procedure and the sparse coding method to represent the structural content of input images. In the proposed method, dictionaries are learned in such a way that the trained models have the least degree of coherence to each other. The novelty of the developed method involves the learning of comprehensive models with atoms that have the highest atom/data coherence with the training data and the lowest within-class and between-class coherence parameters. Each one of these goals can be achieved through the proposed procedure. In order to achieve the desired results, a variety of features are extracted from the images and used to learn the characteristics of the face and non-face images. Also the results of the proposed classifier based on the incoherent dictionary learning technique are compared with the results obtained from the other common classifiers such as neural network and support vector machine. The simulation results along with a significance statistical test show that the proposed method based on the incoherent models learned by the combinational features is able to detect the face regions with a high accuracy rate.

A new single channel singing voice separation algorithm is presented in this paper. This field of signal processing provides important capability in various areas dealing with singer identification, voice recognition, data retrieval. This separation procedure is done using a decomposition model based on the spectrogram of singing voice signals. The novelty of the proposed separation algorithm is related to different issues listed in the following: 1) The decomposition scheme employs the vocal and music models learned using sparse non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. The vocal signal and music accompaniment can be considered as sparse and low-rank components of a singing voice segment, respectively. 2) An alternating factorization algorithm is used to decompose input data based on the modeled structures of the vocal and musical components. 3) A voice activity detection algorithm is introduced based on the energy of coding coefficients matrix in the training step to learn the basis vectors that are related to instrumental parts. 4) In the separation phase, these non-vocal atoms are updated to the new test conditions using the domain transfer approach to result in a proper separation procedure with low reconstruction error. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm is done using different measures and leads to significantly better results in comparison with the earlier methods in this context and the traditional procedures. The average improvement values of the proposed separation algorithm for PESQ, fwSegSNR, SDI, and GNSDR measures in comparison with previous separation methods in two defined test scenario and three mentioned SMR levels are 0. 53, 0. 84, 0. 39, and 2. 19, respectively.