A preheating exchanger is developed for improving acidic water degassing. Reasonable optimization of dual-Inlet swirl heating tubes is analyzed by computations of the flow and heat transfer. The comparisons of the swirl number and circumferential average Nusselt number between isobaric injection and isokinetic injection are performed. Inlet area ratios ranging from 0. 1 to 0. 9 exhibit an important influence on the flow phenomena and the heating performance. A lower value of Inlet area ratio leads to the tendency for the fluid passing through Inlet 2 to move upstream of Inlet 2 and results in more vortex pairs between Inlets 1 and 2. An Inlet area ratio value of 0. 5 exhibits the largest global average Nusselt number, normalized Nusselt number, and thermal performance factor. The optimized Inlet area ratio is suitable for improving the degassing efficiency.

This study was conducted to investigate the hydraulic efficiency of curb opening Inlet structures adopted by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The structure consists of a rectangular Inlet placed in a depressed gutter. The effects of many design parameters on the efficiency of the curb Inlet were experimentally investigated and reported in other sources, but cited in the text of the paper. Based on the results of the previous studies, an equation was developed for determining the efficiency of the Inlet structure. The equation defines a relationship between three variables: 1) allowable flow spread on the road, 2) road longitudinal slope, and 3) a coefficient K which was itself found to be a function of structure length and road cross slope. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values of efficiency. The empirical equation provides a practical method for the determination of curb Inlet structure efficiency and spacing of the Inlet structures along the roadway. Application of the equation to geometries not tested in this study can be done by experimentally determining the appropriate values of the coefficient K. An example for the application of the equation for design of curb Inlets has been given at the end of the paper.

The Jet engines working near the ground, with low speed and high thrust, can experience flow separation between ground and Inlet which would lead to vortices called Ground Vortex that have harmful effects on engine performance and can disrupt integrity of Inlet flow. Deep understanding of the physics of this phenomenon could omit the injuries of foreign objects damages, engine surge, compressor stall, and fan vibration. In this study, the ground vortex formation near the Inlet air duct of an aircraft engine is investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations are performed for a 1: 30 scale. The fluid flow is assumed to be compressible air, three-dimensional and steady. The k-w SST model is employed for incorporating turbulent characteristics. After mesh study, the boundary of Vortex or No-Vortex for results of this study compared with a theoretical and an empirical correlation by Murphy which showed good agreement. Moreover, despite free stream existence, decreasing nondimensional velocity ratio causes the movement of vortex core and by approaching the critical nondimensional velocity ratio the ground vortex would gradually disappear. For U*=33, 44, 66, 132 ground vortex is formed, but for U*=26.4 ground vortex disappears. The computational method has subsequently been applied to configurations that are difficult to test experimentally including headwind flows. According to this study, the formation of the vortical flow field permanently affects the total pressure distortion on the engine fan face. In this paper, DC60 is calculated under headwind condition. These coefficients are 0.39, 0.391, 0.447 and 0.3957 at U*=33, 44, 66, 132 respectively.

Background: Inlet patch (IP) lesion is the presence of gastric columnar epithelial tissue outside of the stomach. Symptoms such as a lump in the throat, chronic cough, laryngitis, or other mouth-throat symptoms may be IP-related only and have no other abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between globus sensation and structural disorder of Inlet Patch in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease Methods: The case-control study was performed in patients who were referred to the endoscopy ward of Sina Hospital in Tehran from October 2016 to October 2017. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and endoscopic indications. Patients who had endoscopic indications and underwent endoscopy were evaluated. Information on reflux esophagitis and Inlet patch structural disorder were determined. Symptoms of reflux, including a lump in the throat, were identified and recorded. Then the frequency of globus sensation in patients with Inlet patch structural disorder (patient group) and without it (control group) was compared. Results: A total of 100 patients with gastric reflux participated in this study. Patients included 42 men (42%) and 58 women (58%). The mean age of patients was 41. 17± 10. 35 years (18-77 years). The severity of mild reflux was 57%, moderate reflux was 27% and severe reflux was 16%. 28% of patients had a lump in the throat and 12 patients had an Inlet patch. There was a statistically significant relationship between Inlet patch and globus sensation (p=0. 001). All patients with Inlet patch had globus sensation. 81. 8% of patients without Inlet patch did not feel a lump in the throat. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups with and without Inlet patch in terms of globus sensation in general and in terms of different clinical variables (p=0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that Inlet patch had a significant relationship with the feeling of a lump in the throat and all patients with Inlet patch felt Globus sensation. As the result, to diagnose a patient with an Inlet patch, other causes such as esophagitis, hernia, heartburn and metabolic syndrome should be ruled out.

In the present study, the flame response and the effect of equivalence ratio and Inlet temperature on the flame response are numerically investigated using Weller flamelet combustion and LES turbulent models. The results show that with increasing excitation amplitude at a constant frequency, theheat release ratio increases; the increment is smaller at higher frequencies. Due to the combustor geometry, two recirculating zones are formed. Any change in the amplitude and frequency can affect these recirculation zones, especially the central recirculation zone. At the low frequencies (below 50Hz), increasing the excitation amplitude affects flame transfer functioninconsiderably, because of no influence of the recirculation zoneson the heat release. At higher frequencies, an increase in the amplitude has a more influence on value of flame transfer function. It is shown that by increasing the amplitude, up to frequency of 140 Hz, the phase of flame transfer function slightly reduced, while this is intensified with increasing the equivalence ratio or flame Inlet temperature. Furthermore, by increasing the equivalence ratio or Inlet temperature of the flame, heat release ratio and the flame transfer function are reduced.

Background: The aim of radiation therapy is to deliver a precisely measured dose of irradiation to a defended tumor volume. Simulation has been used instances to document the configuration of the portal and target volume to be irradiated accurately. Unfortunately, there is non-Conventional simulation in most of cancer centers in Iran. There fore in this study, it was tried to estimate pelvic Inlet from inrerspinous diameter (distance between two Ant. Sup. Iliac spine) of the aforementioned patients in Radiotherapy – Oncology Department in Imam Hossein hospital. Materials and methods: Interspious diameter on the surface kin (X) and pelvic Inlet (Y) on simulation in the 44 men and 61 women were determined, coefficient (r) in men and women rm=0.8841 rw=0.8141 and linear regression analysis the following equation was obtained. Y=0.525X-0.339 R2=0.7815 for men Y=0.326 X+5.18 R2=0.6626 for women Conclusion: It was concluded that in both men and women, it is possible to estimate pelvic Inlet diameter from Interspinous diameter. But the coefficient of determination (Rsq) is lower in women than men.

Integration of airframe and propulsion system is one of the most challenging steps in flight vehicle design cycles. In this paper, a three-dimensional supersonic Inlet based on the wave-derived geometry technique has been designed and analyzed. Although the considered method was created for hypersonic forebodies, the idea is fully operational for the low supersonic Inlet design at Mach 1.6. The Inlet concept in this paper is formed from predefined profile elements which are used to generate the threedimensional geometry in an oblique shock pattern. By this approach, the curved corner of the Inlet entrance edge can generate the same shock as the main compression surface and also these curved surfaces provide the optimum transition between entrance geometry and compressor face which is important for the airflow quality and propulsive efficiency. The new concept has been validated by a series of accurate CFD simulations with completely structural grid domains. The major Inlet' s performance factors like total pressure recovery, flow distortion and mass flow capture ratio are calculated. The concept and its accurate numerical simulations create a baseline for more advanced designs and researches about the three-dimensional Inlets and geometry transition techniques between the different sections of duct.