RECENTLY, A NEW CLASS OF SOFT MATTERS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH COMPLEX COACERVATION, I.E. THE ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION BETWEEN OPPOSITELY CHARGED BIOPOLYMER CHAINS AND NANOCLAY PARTICLES [1, 2]. HERE, COMPLEX COACERVATION IN EXFOLIATED LAPONITE NANO PLATELETS AND FISH GELATIN MIXTURES IS STUDIED AS A FUNCTION OF FOUR KEY PARAMETERS: PH, IONIC STRENGTH (I), GELATIN/LAPONITE WEIGHT RATIO (G / L), AND TOTAL WEIGHT (WT)...

CARALG/LAPONITE RD NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS COMPOSED OF KAPPA-CARRAGEENAN (CAR) AND SODIUM ALGINATE (ALG) BIOPOLYMERS WERE SYNTHESIZED BY INCORPORATION OF LAPONITE RD.ACRYLAMIDE (AAM), AND AMMONIUM PERSULFATE (APS) WERE USED AS MONOMER, CROSSLINKER, AND INITIATOR, RESPECTIVELY. THE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF NANOCOMPOSITES WERE CHARACTERIZED BY XRD, SEM, AND TEM TECHNIQUES. THE XRD RESULTS SHOWED EXFOLIATED LAPONITE RDNANOCLAY AND EXFOLIATION OF LAPONITE RD WAS CONFIRMED BY TEM GRAPH. THE RESULTING NANO COMPOSITES WERE EVALUATED TO REMOVE CATIONIC CRYSTAL VIOLET (CV) DYE FROM WATER. ACCORDING TO DATA, THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES WAS ENHANCED AS THE CLAY CONTENT WAS INCREASED. THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA WERE ANALYZED ACCORDING TO BOTH LANGMUIR AND FREUNDLICH MODELS AND MAXIMUM ADSORPTION CAPACITY FROM LANGMUIR ISOTHERM WAS OBTAINED 85 MG/G [1]. BY STUDYING THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE DYE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES, IT WAS REVEALED THAT THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF NANO COMPOSITES WAS ENHANCED AT ACIDIC PHS AS THE LAPONITE RD NANOCLAY AND KAPPA CARRAGEENAN COMPONENTS WERE INCREASED [2] ALGINATES AND CARRAGEENAN’S ARE RENEWABLE RESOURCES ON EARTH. THESE BIOPOLYMERS ARE KNOWN AS POLYANIONIC MATERIALS CARRYING SULFATE (-OSO3-, CARRAGEENANS) AND CARBOXYLATE (-CO2-, ALGINATES) GROUPS, BECAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY, BIODEGRADABILITY, AND NON-TOXICITY PROPERTIES, THERE ARE CONSIDERABLE ATTENTIONS TO DEVELOP NEW APPLICABLE MATERIALS FROM THESE BIOPOLYMERS [3].

IN THIS WORK, WE TRIED TO DESIGN A BIO-BASED ADSORBENT. THUS, THE TOW IMPORTANT POLYSACCHARIDES, Κ-CARRAGEENAN AND ALGINATE, WERE SELECTED IN ORDER TO PREPARE HYDROGEL NANOCOMPOSITES AS ADSORBENTS. NOVEL Κ-CARRAGEENAN-ALGINATE/LAPONITE RD (CARALGLAP) HYDROGEL NANOCOMPOSITES COMPOSED OF KAPPA -CARRAGEENAN (CAR) AND SODIUM ALGINATE (ALG) WERE SYNTHESIZED BY INCORPORATION OF LAPONITE RD AS CROSSLINKER AND NANOFILLER. LAPONITE RD CAN ACT AS CROSSLINKER IN THE HYDROGELS CONTAINING AMIDE PENDANTS. THE MAIN VARIABLE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NANOCOMPOSITE WAS THE CONTENT OF LAPONITE RD NANOCLAY. THE RESULTING NANOCOMPOSITES WERE EVALUATED TO REMOVE CATIONIC CRYSTAL VIOLET DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY WAS OBTAINED MORE THAN 99 % WHEN THE CLAY CONTENT REACHED 9 AND MORE THAN 9 WT%. THE MAXIMUM ADSORPTION CAPACITY FROM LANGMUIR ISOTHERM WAS OBTAINED 131 MG/G. THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE DYE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES WAS REVEALED THAT THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES WAS ENHANCED UNDER ACIDIC CONDITION AS THE KAPPA -CARRAGEENAN WAS INCREASED.

RECENTLY, CLAY MINERALS HAVE BEEN OFTEN EMPLOYED AS EXCIPIENT AND ACTIVE AGENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW HYBRID DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS DUE TO THEIR LARGE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY, ENHANCED RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY, DRUG-CARRYING CAPABILITY, CHEMICAL INERTNESS, AND LOW OR NULL TOXICITY [1-2].AMONG CLAYS, SMECTITES AS A NEW FAMILY OF DRUG DELIVERY VEHICLES HAVE BEEN PARTICULARLY NOTICED BECAUSE OF THEIR UNIQUE LAYERED STRUCTURE.POLYMER–CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES OF POLY METHACRYLIC ACID AND LAPONITE WERE PREPARED VIA SOLUTION INTERCALATION TECHNIQUE. LAPONITE (LAP) WAS PROPERLY MODIFIED WITH THE CATIONIC IONIC LIQUID MONOMER BY THE ION-EXCHANGE REACTION. IONIC LIQUID MONOMER, 1- (4-VINYLBENZYL) -3-METHYL IMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE WAS SYNTHESIZED THROUGH THE QUATERNIZATION OF N-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH 4-VINYLBENZYLCHLORIDE. THE IONIC LIQUID MONOMER WAS INTERCALATED INTO THE LAPONITENANODISKS AND SUBSEQUENTLY COPOLYMERIZED WITH METHACRYLIC ACID (MAA). THE HYBRID MATERIALS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY FT-IR, XRD, TGA AND SEM TO STUDY THEIR STRUCTURE AND THE ROLE THAT LAP PLAYS. NAPROXEN, AS A MODEL DRUG, WAS ENTRAPPED IN THESE PH-SENSITIVE POSITIVE CHARGED NANO CARRIERS AND THE IN VITRO RELEASE PROFILES WERE ESTABLISHED SEPARATELY IN BOTH ENZYME-FREE SIMULATED GASTRIC AND INTESTINAL FLUIDS (SGF, PH 1) AND (SIF, PH 7.4).

INTRODUCTION: CLAY IS A MINERAL WITH SPECIFIC PROPERTIES IN AQUEOUS MEDIA DUE TO ITS CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND CRYSTALLINITY. PRESENCE OF SALTS AFFECTS THE SUSPENSION STABILITY AND LEADS TO THE FLOCCULATION AND FORMATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEL-LIKE STRUCTURE [1]. SHAHIN ET AL. [2] STUDIED AGING BEHAVIOR OF 2.8WT% LAPONITE SUSPENSIONS AND CONCLUDED THAT INCREASING SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION DECREASES REPULSION BETWEEN LAPONITE PARTICLES. THE MAIN AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE THE INSTABILITY THRESHOLD OF XLS LAPONITE IN CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF MONOVALENT AND DIVALENT SALTS AND ALSO ELECTROLYTES CONSISTING OF BOTH MENTIONED SALTS...