Resin-based composite restorative materials have a substantial share in dental treatments. Their esthetic has made them patients’ first choice as restorative materials. Marginal LEAKAGE is one of their problems which leads to recurrent caries and post-operative hypersensitivity. Our aim was to evaluate the theoretical and clinical methods that have been proposed in the dental literature. Around 50 articles from Pubmed, SCOPUS and google scholar were selected and categorized in 4 groups based on the selected keywords. All the studies discussed in this paper have emphasized that there is no way to eliminate the microLEAKAGE but it can be reduced by means of some approaches. On the other hand, due to the multifactorial nature and difference of oral environment and laboratory conditions, there isn’ t any certain way to define precisely. It seems that there is an absolute need for more research in this field to make the relation of theoretical results and clinical findings possible.

Background and Aim: There is a need for a material with high sealing ability to prevent bacterial and tissue secretions penetration in endodontic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the microLEAKAGE of amalgam and MTA filling materials.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two single-rooted extracted human teeth were collected.Each tooth was apically resected and retroprepared to 3mm depth. Teeth were divided randomly into two groups of 13 teeth each. First group was retrofilled with amalgam and second group with MTA. All root surfaces, except the ending part, were covered with layers of nail polish. Following immersion in 2% methylene blue for 48 hours, the roots were sectioned and the depth of dye penetration was evaluated by computerized scanning and photoshop software. Results were evaluated by t-test.Results: It was shown that MTA microleakge was significantly less than that of amalgam.The mean dye penetrations of MTA and amalgam were 1.75mm and 3mm, respectively (pv=0.0001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirm the proper sealing ability of MTA.

The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and complications of skull base fx (such as CSF LEAKAGE and intracranial injuries) after head trauma. Retrospectively from Qct. 2000 to Sep 2003, 26133 patients were admitted with head trauma at the neurosurgical Department of Shahid Kamiab Hospital. 1072 cases of these patients had skull fx. Among them 93 cases were admitted with skull base fx. CSF LEAKAGE, pneumocephalus, and intracranial hematoma were the most common complications. Many of them needed medical and conservative treatment, while the others need surgery. The worse the preoperative medical management, the less likely the preoperative recovery. Early recognition, prompt and correct treatment are both essential for optimal management and reducing mortality and complications.

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) without any hyperfluorescent LEAKAGE on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Methods: This was a multicentric, retrospective, observational study of ten eyes of ten patients with CSCR without any hyperfluorescence LEAKAGE on FFA. Baseline patient characteristics, best corrected visual acuity, and OCT parameters like relative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) reflectivity at the presumed leak site and control site were measured. Results: Increased macular thickness, neurosensory detachment, and choroidal thickness were seen at the site of maximum subretinal fluid (SRF). Out of ten eyes, nine had photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) disruption (46% ± 26. 33%) at the site of SRF pocket, and five had presumed former leak site characterized by PROS thinning. The presumed leak site demonstrated higher RPE reflectivity compared to the control site (0. 92 ± 0. 04 vs. 0. 87 ± 0. 04; P = 0. 0058). Conclusion: CSCR without hyperfluorescent LEAKAGE on FFA may have PROS damage and changes in RPE hyperreflectivity.

Purpose: To report a case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LEAKAGE during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in a patient with Mobius syndrome and history of meningoencephalocele. Patient and findings: This 12-year-old girl had undergone an operation for meningoencephalocele at infancy by a neurosurgeon and was referred because of nasolacrimal drainage obstruction. She underwent DCR surgery at age 10 and 12 years. CSF LEAKAGE was detected during surgery. The authors describe the course and management of this patient. Conclusion: In patients with any history of surgery or trauma in the periorbital region, the ophthalmologist should be ready to manage CSF LEAKAGE during DCR.  

In this paper, the position of the LEAKAGE in a pressurized gas pipe is localized. As an experimental example, the LEAKAGE in a steel pipe is simulated by different orifices. To decrease the risk of explosion and environmental contamination during experiments, pressurized air was used instead of natural gas. Most of the published papers are based on using high sampling rate sensors placed on both sides of the LEAKAGE. In this study, a new method is extended due to LEAKAGE localization in a gas pipe. To achieve this goal, attenuation analysis is implementing by installing two sensors on one side of the pipe. In the proposed technique, the dominant frequency of recorded signals is used, to decrease the effect of background noises on final results. Experimental results reveal by increasing the pressure the LEAKAGE localization error is decreased. Finally, by implementing signal processing into the data the average value of LEAKAGE localization error is reported 13.77 cm.