This study investigates the relationship between factor income distribution and aggregate demand in the context of the Post-Keynesian school, using data from Iran over the period 1346-1393. To this end, profit share and GDP growth are used as proxies for factor income distribution and demand growth, respectively. The results of the cointegration analysis based on the ARDL approach show that profit share and economic growth have a positive and significant effect on each other in the long-run. Furthermore, the results based on the error correction model show that, in the long-run, there is a bidirectional Granger causality between profit share and economic growth. However, in the short-run, Granger causality runs only from profit share to economic growth. The most important consequence of such results is that there is a profit-LED demand (growth) regime for Iran in both the short-run and the long-run. Based on this result, the use of capital-intensive technologies instead of labor-intensive technologies increases the share of profits and thus leads to an increase in demand and economic growth. The implication of this finding is that the government should pursue policies to encourage and facilitate firms to adopt capital-intensive technologies, aimed at increasing the income of society as a whole. On the other hand, the government should also adopt effective policies to improve income distribution, increasing welfare.

Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. While it is a perennial plant, it is often cultivated as an annual, especially in regions with cold winters. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of different LED light spectra and carbon nanotube concentrations on the physiological characteristics of snapdragon plants. This experiment was conducted under controlLED conditions using a CRD_ based factorial design with 4 replications. Treatments included various LED light combinations (white, blue, red, and their 80% blue light + 20% red light, 60% blue light + 40% red light, 40% blue light + 60% red light and 20% blue light + 80% red lightcombinations) and 3 concentrations of carbon nanotubes (control, 50 and 100 mg/liter). Evaluated parameters were chlorophyll content, stomatal conductivity, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Results indicated that both LED light spectra and carbon nanotubes, significantly influenced the growth and physiological responses of snapdragon plants. Specific findings include: LED light spectra had varying effects on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and fluorescence. Generally, blue light enhanced vegetative growth, while red light influenced flowering and biomass accumulation. The combination of red and blue light often yielded optimal results. Carbon nanotubes, particularly at higher concentrations, affected stomatal conductance and fluorescence. Their interaction with light treatments further modulated plant responses. Chlorophyll content, a key indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, was significantly affected by both light and nanotube treatments. Stomatal conductance, which regulates gas exchange, was also influenced. Fluorescence measurements provided insights into the efficiency of light energy utilization in photosynthesis. Overall, this study demonstrated that the combination of LED lights and carbon nanotubes can be an edfficient tool for manipulating plant growth and physiology. The optimal light spectrum and carbon nanotube concentration varied depending on the parameter being investigated. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between light, nanomaterials, and plant growth, and have potential applications in controlLED environment agriculture and plant biotechnology.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal adaptation of Ttric N-Ceram Bulk Fill FilLED restorations with two curing units: conventional full name (LED) and third generation LED.Subjects and Methods: Sixty premolar teeth divided in 4 groups (n=15) Standardizes cavies prepared in one proximal Surface of teeth. Cavities restored with two posterior composites; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and photo core. Each composite cured with a conventional LED curing unit and a third generation of LED curing unit. The adhesive applied to all groups was single Bond 2. The restored ns were aged and stored in fushin. After sectioning, dye penetration was investigated under the stereomicroscope (scale -0-3*25). man Whitney and Krustal-Wallis tests were used to analyzed the data (p<0.05) Results: All groups showed dye penetration at the gingival margin of the cavities. No significant difference was found between two composites and the type of curing units.Conclusion: Posterior small to medium cavies with the depth of 4 mm can be restored with Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Full. Either conventional or third generation LED curing can be used to cure this composite.