Developments at the genetical science domain and the possibility of growing embryo out of the natural womb has put this question visa vis the law and theology scientists as to wether pronounce and define either the permission of such an action or its illegitimacy along with its consequence on descent, privity, guardianship, custody, alimony and inheritance. The most significant subject in this respect is the process of formation and origin of the embryo. With the analysis of the laboratory embryo its inheritance issue is defined as well. The embryo shall inherit from its genetical father and mother (the owners of sperm and ovule) should its progeny has been formed prior to the demise of bequeather. However, the embryo has no consanguinity to others including the recipient man and woman and shall not inherit from them.

Sasanians’ converting to Zoroastrianism and their relations with Zoroastrian clerics have been important issues of the history studies on the Sasanians. In the past one and a half century, a number of scholars, referring to a report on Sasan by Tabari, the eponymous ancestor of the Sasanians, have assumed religious office such as mobed, hē rbed, or the guardian of the fire temple for him, and have taken it as evidence for the Sasanians’ presumed priestly LINEAGE. Some have even considered the success of the Sasanians in overcoming the Arsacid Empire as an outcome of their new religious tendency. In addition, Agathias’ s report on Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanian dynasty, has also been used by some scholars as another piece of evidence to suppose a clerical rank for him. Reexamining Tabari’ s report and evaluating it in the context of the Zoroastrian legal system, this study demonstrates that Sasan’ s office in Anahit’ s fire temple was not a priestly one, and Agathias’ s report on Ardashir has nothing to do with priestly ranks. To the contrary, these reports, when considered together with all other evidence, confirm Sasanians’ connection with the local nobility of Fars region.

Now a day, globalization with its increasing trend has created a major ambiguity on the enlightenment of historical departure point of the existing transformations so that determining a certain LINEAGE for it, so far, has not been possible. This article aims to investigate the globalization based on Foku's genealogy and with emphasis on continual annexation and fragmentation in the non-linear Excursion of history, rather than interpreting of globalization based on a linear and gradual approach. So, to evaluate the relationships between globalization and modernity or post-modernity in this paper, some of theories have been assessed and indigenous statuses of Iran have explained in order to historical LINEAGE of globalization.

Reviewing the narration of Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari (died: 310 AH) on Sā sā n, the ancestor of the Sasanians and his connection with the fire temple of the goddess Anā hitā in Pars Istakhr and comparing this report with the Zoroastrian legal knowledge of the Sasanian period, Pedram Jam in a new study titled “ Were Sasanians of Priestly LINEAGE? ” concludes that Sā sā n was “ the Lord of Fire” and did not have a religious position in this temple. He also compares the Agathias’ report, a Byzantine historian, on the LINEAGE and family background of Ardaš ī r son of Bā bak (224-240 AD), the founder of the Sasanian Empire, with other historical sources and believes that Agathias’ account has nothing to do with the priestly LINEAGE of Ardaš ī r and his family. Thus, Jam assumes the view of Iranian and non-Iranian scholars on the priestly descent of the Sasanians and that according to Tabari, they considered Sā sā n as a “ mobed” , “ hē rbed“ or “ guardian of the fire temple of Anā hitā ” in Istkhar, Pars or that according to Agathias, they regarded Ardaš ī r as a clergy man, to be misinterpretations of the Tabari’ s and Agathias’ narrations and he considers the ancestors of Ardaš ī r as local aristocrats of Pars province. Nevertheless, I believe that Jam’ s perceptions and conclusions are incorrect and Sasanians were indeed of priestly LINEAGE. Analyzing the reports of Tabari and Agathias and also the views of some Iranian and non-Iranian scholars about the Sasanian descent and the identity and the status of Sā sā n and Bā bak and their connection with the Anā hitā fire temple in Istakhr, Pars, this study criticizes the recent view and approach of Jam on the aristocratic origin of Sasanians and non-priestly LINEAGE of them.

Objective: MicroRNAs are small noncoding molecules in genome of plants and animals. These molecules have 19-25 nucleotides and regulate gen expression in post transcriptional level (epigenetic mechanism). The number of these molecules is different, however, between 200-100 in primates up to more than 1000 in human.Materials and Methods: MicroRNAs are involved in several processes such as development, cell proliferation, cell death, apoptosis, fat metabolism and cell differentiation. These molecules are responsible for the regulation 30% of expressed genes.Results: MiRNA function done through a similar siRNA complex (RISC) but distinction is that full identity between miRNA and its target genes is not necessary. Like mRNA profile, miRNA expression varies from tissue to tissue, but is similar among individuals of a unique species.Conclusion: The main involved miRNA in lymphocyte differentiation is miR-181 that has increased in all lymphoid LINEAGEs. This Mir targets Bcl-2, CD69 and TCR-a genes. In B-cell differentiation mir-150 is the prominent decreased microRNA at Pro-B stage but mir- 17-92 cluster and mir-181 increased in pre-B and B cell stage respectively. Both miR-223 and miR-142 that are present in bone marrow increased in primary steps of T cell differentiation.

The belief in the Promised Mehdi can be considered as one of the most common features of most Muslim groups. In the meantime, and in various areas of beliefs related to Imam Mahdi, the issue of his LINEAGE has always been considered. One of the most important teachings is his prophetic and Fatimid LINEAGE, namely the connection of the Mahdi descent with the Prophet of Islam and Lady Fatima. Dealing with this issue will be necessary and useful because it will help to develop the history of thought and analytical studies in Mahdavi’ s views. Considering the interest of different groups in this issue in the first centuries, it will be useful for examining the Mahdavi efforts of social currents. According to what has been said, this study seeks to identify the efforts of Muslims, especially Imamis about Prophetic and Fatimid LINEAGE of Imam Mahdi and to observe the course of this belief considering the social contexts before the minor occultation, by analyzing the information obtained from the first historical and hadith sources, and by using the methods and principles accepted in historical studies and sciences involved such as theology and hadith. It seems that the concern for the prophetic LINEAGE of the Mahdi is an accepted idea for most of the promised groups, and each of them tried to somehow connect itself to the Prophet. Therefore, the Mahdi Fatimid LINEAGE and the Ahl al-Bayt emphasis on this issue, which was probably in opposition to the activities of the Keysanians, gradually became a fundamental belief for all Muslim groups.