Better accurate stethoscope measurements have been needed to diagnose heart problems earlier, monitor patients, and provide initial clinical data for physicians. This study aims to evaluate an electronic stethoscope for automatic identification of heart rate by monitoring Beats Per Minute (BPM) in real-time. In this work, a new design with a low cost electronic stethoscope is designed and implemented as a simple circuit for a replacement with conventional stethoscopes. This presented a low cost stethoscopes consisting of a preamplifier, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, microcontroller and Bluetooth. This simulation and experimental study was carried out for electronic circuit design testing. The condenser microphone transmited the signal into the signal conditioning circuit, and amplified it from 10 to 30 times. The low-and high-pass filter circuit was with cutoffs of 180 Hz and 50 Hz, respectively. The result shows that the fourth-order Butterworth filter was the best filter, with a gain of 0. 707 Volt,-3. 01 dB, and 0. 782 Volt,-2. 137 dB, respectively. The real-time measurements using the system are not significantly different from the manual measurements, with around 2-5%, with a delay of 1. 7 to 2 seconds. The results indicated that an electronic stethoscope system could provide suitable information for BPM value and could display heart sound signals.

This paper presents a practical implementation for a new formula of nonlinear PID (NPID) control. The purpose of the controller is to accurately trace a preselected position reference of one stage servomechanism system. The possibility of developing a transfer function model for the experimental setup is elusive because of the lack of system data. So, the identified model is developed via gathering experimental input/output data. The performance of the enhanced nonlinear NPID controller had been investigated by comparing it with a linear PID controller. The harmony search tuning system is built to determine the optimum parameters for each control technique based on an effective objective function. The experimental outcomes and the simulation results show that the proposed NPID controller has a minimum rise time and settling time through constant position reference test. Also, the NPID control is faster than the linear PID control by 40% in the case of the variable position reference test.

This study presents the kinematic analysis of a four-degree freedom medical robotic arm using the Matlab and the robotic-tool, the arm was designed using a solid work program, As well as details of the control of the real design of this arm using Arduino Mega 2560, The specialist enters the position to be reached by the automatic arm (injection position), Or moving the arm to any position by entering the values of the corners of the joints, In this search, we have moved the arm to the selected position Without injecting into the muscle which need another study and a medical sensor determines the amount of needle entry in the muscle, According to criteria determined by the specialist and can be added to the designed interface.

Background: Periodic quality control (QC) procedures are important in order to guarantee the image quality of radiological equipment and are also conducted using phantoms simulating human body. Objective: To perform (QC) measurements in intraoral imaging devices, a new and simple phantom was manufactured. Besides, to simplify QC procedures, computerized LabVIEW-based software has been devised, enabling determination of image quantitative parameters in real time or during post processing. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, the novel developed phantom consists of a Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) circular insert. It is able to perform a complete QC image program of X-ray intraoral equipment and also causes the evaluation of image uniformity, high and low contrast spatial resolution, image linearity and artefacts, with only two exposures. Results: Three raters analyzed the images using the LabVIEW dedicated software and determined the quantitative and qualitative parameters in an innovative and accurate way. Statistical analysis evaluated the reliability of this study. Good accuracy of the quantitative and qualitative measurements for the different intraoral systems was obtained and no statistical differences were found using the inter-rater analysis. Conclusion: The achieved results and the related statistical analysis showed the validity of this methodology, which could be proposed as an alternative to the commonly adopted procedures, and suggested that the novel phantom, coupled with the LabVIEW based software, could be considered as an effective tool to carry out a QC image program in a reproducible manner.