COVID-19 is a serious threat to public health, worldwide (1, 2). This new viral disease is the third coronavirus epidemic in the 21st century, following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and MiddleEast Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (3, 4). Due to the spread of the disease, the World Health Organization used the word pandemic for the disease on March 11 2020(5). . .

In recent years the term “Shiite Crescent” was first applied by king Abdullah II king of Jordan through which he put forth the threat of Shiites’ empowerment. In their opinion, Islamic Republic of Iran is capable of controlling geopolitical developments in the middleeast via its influence on Iraqi Shiites and change the power balance to Shiites’ interests and against American and Israeli interests. This article is aimed at addressing these questions: 1-What denomination do they mean by Shiite? 2-What is the role of “Shiite Crescent” in geopolitical developments in the MIDDLE-EAST? 3-Is “Shiite Crescent” a geographical crescent or a political one? 4- Is “Shiite Crescent” aimed at Iran-o-phobia? 5-What are strategic concerns of US about the element of Shiite Islam in the MIDDLE-EAST? 6- Has “Shiite Crescent” been formed.

The emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria, that hydolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems, are a major concern of public health system worldwide, particularly in the Middle East area. Since the plasmids harboring resistancegenes could be spread across other bacterial populations, detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms has becomemore problematic. These organisms produce different types of enzymes including the most prevalent types including KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM, and OXA-48. Carbapenemase producers are mostly identified among Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. This study reviewed almost all papers, which conducted inthe Middle East. In order to decrease the spread of resistance, the regional cooperation has been emphasized by the MiddleEast countries. The highest resistance, which is mediated by KPC has been observed in Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and Jordanfollowed by NDM in Pakistan and OXA in Turkey and Pakistan. It is important to mention that the spread of these types havebeen reported sporadically in the other countries of this area. This review described the widespread carbapenemases in theMiddle East area, which have been identified in an alarming rate.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and its diagnosis are of great importance in the middleeast, according to the increasing burden of this disease and the large number of unreported cases. Less than 20% of all TB cases only have extra-pulmonary manifestations and breast TB is a rare form of extra-pulmonary TB. It includes about 1% of all breast lesions. Case Presentation: This study presents an 83 year-old breast TB female case with the complaints of fatigue, lethargy, and fever. In the physical examination, the patient had a discharging abscess in upper outer quadrant of her right breast associated with edema and erythema, accompanied with multiple axillary and supraclavicular adenopathies. Imaging showed multiple cervical, axillary, and abdominal adenopathies. Clinical manifestations were highly suggestive of inflammatory breast carcinoma. Further investigations, including lymph node biopsy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) helped with the diagnosis of TB in the patient. The patient was treated with quadruple therapy of TB. Conclusion: Because of its nonspecific clinical features, TB mastitis is often being misdiagnosed and underreported. Early diagnosis of breast TB could reduce patients’ morbidity and also facilitate an effective treatment of patients with inflammatory breast lesions. TB should be the first differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis.