MODERN (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for MODERN physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

Objective: In many countries, the advancements in information technologies and the decentralized computing method has inspired hope to take advantage of MODERN information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in order to overcome the unique challenges in global health including the coronavirus crisis. The following study tries to examine the possible future scenarios in the industry, with the aim of discovering new opportunities to increase health and quality of life.Findings: Considering the research literature, seventeen drivers, which had affected the research in three dimensions, were identified and the Delphi method was used for the accuracy of confirmation, their rankings and for the calculation of their certainty. The relationships between the drivers and the identified dimensions were measured and confirmed in the form of hypotheses and model presentations by structural equation methods. Using the cross-matrix method, five drivers were identified as risk and goal. Finally, through the identification of uncertainty and risk and goal drivers, four scenarios were developed.Conclusion: Conclusion: The treatment structure and medical equipment influenced by COVID-19 pandemic conditions and due to the growth rate, optimal and intelligent application of MODERN digital technologies creates a wide-ranging evolution in this field and illustrates the possibility of achieving a desired future by taking advantage of the scenario of the formation of an interconnected global society and the realization of global health in the interaction of artificial intelligence drivers, novel production demands, sanctions, internet of things (IoT) and blockchain.

Notwithstanding Karl Popper’s deep admiration for ancient Greece and his affection for MODERN Greece, his work has been mostly viewed with caution by Greek scholars who, until relatively recently, often chose to either ignore or downplay it. This stance can be partially attributed to the novel approach of Popper’s critique to Plato which did not fare well with the foundational biases of MODERN Greek academic tradition and the prevailing intellectual inclinations of Greek scholars in the fields of the methodology of science and political theory. Although this bias has begun to recede during the last decades, there remains a lot to be done to fully integrate Popper’s work into the Greek intellectual and social discourse. Nevertheless, the establishment of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Athens University, along with the efforts of academics and public intellectuals, particularly during the Greek financial crisis of the last decade, have played a pivotal role in generating a broader interest in critical rationalism and popularizing Popper’s ideas among a wider audience. This paper examines the evolution of the reception of Popper’s ideas in Greece, both in scholarly circles and in public life, from the time of publication of his seminal work “The Open Society and its Enemies” until today, highlighting the efforts to foster a more comprehensive understanding of his important contributions

هویت از موضوعات بحث برانگیز معماری معاصر ایران است. ضرورت دست یابی به معماری با هویت ایرانی، موضوعی است که ضمن تاکید شدن در برنامه های سوم و چهارم توسعه کشور به خواست ملی نیز تبدیل شده است. برای دست یابی به این مهم، ابتدا باید سیر تحول معنایی واژگانی آن تدقیق شود. لذا ضمن بررسی تغییر مفهوم هویت در دوران معاصر، به روش تفسیری - تاریخی با استفاده از تدابیر تحلیلی - مقایسه ای به تحلیل جایگاه این مفهوم در متون تخصصی معماری، طی دوره های پیشامدرن، مدرن و فرامدرن پرداخته شد. از این رو ابتدا نظریات اندیشمندان تاثیرگذار جهان معماری در رابطه با هویت بررسی می شود. سپس نحوه تجلی این اندیشه ها در ساحت معماری، طی سه دوره مورد تحلیل قرار می گیرد. در انتها بر مبنای چارچوب نظری، معنای هویت در ساخت معماری، طی دوره ها تدقیق می شود.

محور اصلی بحث در این مقاله، نقد و بررسی کتاب نقد و بحران: روشنگری و آسیب زایی جامعه مدرن نوشته راینهارت کوزلک است. این کتاب نخستین بار در سال 1959م به زبان (اصلی) آلمانی منتشر شده است و آخرین ترجمه آن درسال 1988م به زبان انگلیسی توسط انتشارات The MIT Press منتشر شده است. تلاش برای نشان دادن و توضیح ریشه های توتالیتاریانیسم سده بیستمی در «روشنگری» سده هجدهمی وجه اصلی همت کوزلک در این کتاب است. مطلقه گرایی در اروپا و ساختار دوگانه تابع/متبوع و اخلاق شخصی/سیاست عمومی آن به عنوان بستر ظهور روشنگری عملا مانع رهایی بخشی مدنظر روشنگری شده و خود در تحلیل نهایی در دامی بزرگتر در غلتیده است. چالش های سیاسی انضمامی متعاقب فروپاشی مطلقه گرایی بویژه بعد از 1789م به بعد روشنگری را درگیر خلق الگوهایی از اندیشیدن و رفتار اخلاقی کرده که تناقض های لاینحل ناشی از آن، تسلیم شدن در برابر تصویری اوتوپیایی از جامعه و پیش بردن ریاکارانه آن را موجب شده و راه را بر ترور و دیکتاتوری گشوده است. به نظر می رسد ایده اصلی کوزلک در نقد روشنگری و ادعای درهم تنیدگی آن با توتالیتاریانیسم سده بیستم که متاثر از ایده کارل اشمیت در کتاب لویاتان در نظریه دولت تامس هابز است عمدتا تصویری جانبدارانه و گزینشی است.

Since the emergence of MODERNity, and in response to its myriad aspects and potentials, which are constantly unfolding, countless reactions have kept emerging in almost all quarters of the globe. A large variety of anti-MODERN reactions, the common core of which is perhaps the idea that MODERNity, in one way or another, is illegitimate, stand out among these responses. According to some of these anti-MODERN responses, MODERNity has usurped the characteristics and features of religion, which has been the soul as well as the main shaping force of the pre-MODERN era and has reproduced it in a corrupted form. Two German-speaking philosophers, Karl Popper and Hans Blumenberg, are among the intellectuals who have defended MODERNity against the onslaught of anti-MODERN tendencies. In this paper, I briefly, though critically, compare and contrast the approaches as well as some of the arguments of these two thinkers in defence of MODERNity.

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