Decreasing fossil fuel resources, increasing energy demand, dangers caused by greenhouse effects and climatic changes are the most important reasons for replacing fossil fuels with renewable biofuels, including single-celled Microalgae. Microalgae as photosynthesizing organisms, are one of the best options for the production of renewable biofuels due to the non-dependence of production on the seasons, high reproduction speed and low water requirement. In this article, while examining the production of biofuels based on Microalgae suitable for environmental conditions, their economic efficiency and compatibility with nature have also been discussed. Microalgae such as Spirulina, in addition to having large amounts of protein, lipids and carbohydrates in its cell structure, are also easily possible for the stages of cultivation, harvesting, drying and extraction to biofuels product. So due to this production from Microalgae, attention to economic efficiency and choosing the right strain to increase efficiency can be helped by genetic and metabolic engineering especially which can increased the yield by increasing the lipid content of Microalgae. In this article, while presenting the scientific advances and practical solutions that have been carried out during the last decade, the future solutions in the construction of such technology have also been discussed.