This paper proposes a single-phase five-level inverter with a modified pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. The modified pulse width-modulation technique is developed to reduce switching losses. Also, the proposed Multilevel inverter can reduce the requirement of power switches compared to a conventional cascaded Multilevel inverter. The modes of operation, control signals, and operating principle of the proposed inverter are analyzed. The inverter is capable of producing five levels of output-voltage (Vs, Vs / 2, 0, − Vs, − Vs/2) from the dc supply voltage. In particular, aspects of total harmonic distortion (THD) for the proposed Multilevel converters are discussed. The hybrid cascaded H-Bridge inverter with very low switching losses is ideal for such operations. The behaviour of the inverter has been analyzed with the simulation and experimental results. In this paper a new five level inverter with reduced number of switches is proposed and MATLAB/SIMULINK results are presented.

One of the shortcomings of representative democracy is reduce the incentive for citizens to political participation. Analysts, actors and government representatives to grapple with this issue and seek answers to the question, how best can the participation of citizens in decision-making and policy-making process. According to our survey, although some recent studies have addressed the question of democratic policy participation, very few of them understand the nature, dynamics and characteristics of participatory methods and focus on institutional spaces that have been occurring in their participatory communications. It seems that facilitate and increase policy participation requires a new form of relationship between state and society. Institutional arrangements that can be levied at three levels substantive, procedural and the operational level. To facilitate and increase policy participation at all levels changes and developments it is necessary that each philosophy, mechanisms, arrangements and differences with each other.

This paper proposes a novel method based on pulse width modulation techniques toreduce and control the common-mode voltage in three-phase Multilevel inverters. Besides controllingthe common-mode voltage, this method is capable of controlling capacitors voltages and load currentswith low switching losses and harmonic contents. In fact, due to the existence of different pulsepatterns and the possibility of choosing the optimum patterns based on the most important criteria, thecontrollability of this method has risen properly. Furthermore, the controller randomly selects one ofthe optimum pulse patterns, which has another advantage of spreading the spectrum contents of theoutput voltage for low electromagnetic interferences and mechanical vibration. This method can beapplied to a three-phase, three-level inverter with the flying capacitor topology. Another advantage ofthis method is that the technique can be applied to more voltage levels without significantly changingthe control algorithm. The simulation results of a five-level inverter in this paper indicate that theproposed technique can be used to implement a Multilevel inverter.

Background & Aim: One of the basic assumptions in simple linear regression models is the statistical independence of observations. Sometimes this assumption is not true for study subject and consequently the use of general regression models may not be appropriate. In this case, one of the leading methods is the use of Multilevel models. The present study utilizes multivariate logistic regression model using a Multilevel model to exhibit the chance of having elbow, wrist and knee disorders over the past year based on elbow, wrist and disorders during the past week. Methods & Materials: This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from April 2015 to May 2016 in Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan. The study population includes 300 male employees of Mobarakeh Steel Company, with a mean age of 41. 40± 8. 17 years and an average working experience of 16. 0± 7. 66 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24) and MLwiN software. Results: Based on this study, results obtained from single variable and multivariable regression were different. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be suggested that multivariable regression cause a better and more accurate deduction compared to single variable method.

During recent decades, researchers have attempted to understand individual and group level behavior, at micro levels while macro level researchers studied organizational and institutional level behavior. Yet few scholars have examined organizational effects on individual and group behavior and the effects of individual and group behavior on organization as a whole. Such a research can lead to a new vision in organization and management studies and make it easy to a better understanding of human organizations and communities. This article introduces Multilevel approach which combines micro and macro approaches and establishes a more comprehensive knowledge of organizations. First, it reviews the problem of “level of analysis” in organizational and management theories. Then, the application of Multilevel approach is shown by presenting an example. Finally the article discusses the barriers and benefits of this approach in the process of building and developing organization and management theories.