Introduction: Evaluation the quality of food proteins has a great importance in biological and economical view. However, biological, microbiological, chemical and combined methods have been used and introduced for determining quality of proteins. Among existed methods, NPR, RNPR and PER have been suggested as appropriate methods for determining quality of proteins. This study has been conducted to determine the quality of soya protein by using the mentioned methods on a soya product in 2003. Material and Methods: This study with experimental method has been made on 24 male wistar rats, aged 21 days, under 3 food diets in 8 groups: Soya (10% protein), Casein+Methionine (10% protein) and control (non protein). Period of study for NPR was 14 days. Protein intake and rat weight gain were determined for calculating NPR. Period of study for PER was 28 days. Protein intake and weight gain of animals were determined. Rate of NPR, RNPR and PER were evaluated by T test.Results: Indicators of NPR were calculated 3.65±0.35 and 4.37±0.48 for soya and Casein+Methionin respectively (P<0.01) and RNPR was 83. Indicator of PER were 2.28±0.35 and 3.04±0.24 for soya and Casein+Methionin respectively (P<0.001) and soya PER ratio to casein was 75%.Conclusion: Soya protein as compared with Casein has low but appropriate quality. The results showed that NPR, RNPR and PER for determine soy bean quality is compatible with other studies.

Background: Evaluating the protein quality of food is of high importance for biological and economical reasons. To determine quality of proteins different biological, microbiological, chemical and combined methods have been presented and used. Among them NPR, RNPR, and PER are considered the most appropriate methods. Using these methods, this study was conducted on Soya products to evaluate the protein quality of Soya in 2003. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats, aged 21-23 days, were assigned to 4 groups (8 in each). Each group underwent a diet: Soya, wheat flour+Soya (10% protein), Casein+Methionine (10% protein), and no protein diet (as control). Period of study for NPR was 14 days. Protein intake and weight increased were determined for calculating NPR. Period of study for PER was 28 days. Protein intake and weight gains of animals were determined. NPR, RNPR, and PER were evaluated by t test. Results: NPR for Soya and Casein+methionine groups were 3.65±0.35 and 4.37 ±0.48 respectively (p< 0.01). RNPR was 83. In wheat flour+soya group NPR was 2.7 ±0.3 (P<0.001)and RNPR was 62.7. PER were 2.28±0.35 and 3.04±0.24 for soya and Casein+Methionine respectively (P<0.001) and Soya PER/Casein PER was 75. PER was  1.1±0.1 for Wheat flour+soya (P<0.001). Conclusion: Protein quality of Soya is lower than Casein+Methionine.    

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity training on the calcineurin/ nuclear factor of activated t-cells (NFAT) pathway and factors affecting it in the middle-age Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 young (n=10, 4-month-old) and middle-aged (n=30, 13-15 months old) Wistar rats were included in this experimental study. All young and 10 middle-aged rats did not training and served as a control comparision; while the remaining 20 middle-aged rats were trained at moderate intensity for 4-weeks (n=10) or 8-weeks (n=10) on a treadmill (speed: 16 m/minutes, slope: 0%, distance: 830 m, duration: 54 minutes). Results: Calcineurin tissue expression was increased in the middle-aged control rats compared to the young control rats (P=0. 001). Expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERC2A), natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), phospholamban (PLB), plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA4b), and p-AKT was significantly decreased in the heart tissue of middle-aged control compared to the young control rats (P=0. 001). Furthermore, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β ), including transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), were up-regulated in the heart tissue of middle-aged control compared to the young control rats (P=0. 001). However, aerobic training inhibited this pathway and reversed all changes in the trained middle-aged rats. Conclusion: Aerobic training effectively inhibited the calcineurin/NFATc pathway and modulated intracellular Ca2+ levels at least partially by restoring NPR-A, SERCA2, p-PLB, and p-AKT, and decreasing TRPC6 and TGF-β levels.

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to determine chemical composition, protein quality of corn gluten meal (CGM) and its effect on growth performance of broiler chicks.Methods: Chemical composition and nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy of CGM was determined by standard and precision-fed cockerel assay methods. For evaluating of protein quality, 90 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design was used and fed experimental diets from 8 to 17 days of age and in the growth assay, 1200-day-old broiler chickens in a completely randomized design were used for evaluating effects of four levels of CGM on the growth performance, carcass characteristics.Results: The average of TMEn and crude protein content of CGM sample were 4145 kcal/kg and 60.44 %, respectively. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and Net protein ratio (NPR) values for CGM were 1.26 and 2.30, respectively. The growth assay result showed that the all level of CGM had positive effect on broiler performance (P<0.01), While, the best weight gain and FCR were obtained in the birds were fed 12% of CGM in different weeks of experimental period.Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the CGM can be used in the ration for improvement broiler chicks’ performance.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the quality of food proteins have a great importance because of biological and economical impacts. Among existing methods, NPR (net protein ratio), TPD (true protein digestibility) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) have been suggested as appropriate methods to determine the quality of proteins. This study was conducted to compare protein value of cerelac with homemade food (vetch and rice) in rats.METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 64 male wistar rats, aged 21 days under 8 diets in 8 groups including: cases (cerelac and homemade food), standard (casein+methionine) and basal (protein free), 4 diets in order to determine NPR and PER and cases, standard and basal, 4 diets to study TPD. Period of study for NPR, TPD and PER were 14, 5 and 28 days. FINDINGS: NPR was 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9 and 4.2±0.4, TPD was 92.8±4, 87±8 and 81.1±6.1 and PER was 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4 and 2.7±0.6 for standard, cerelac and homemade food groups, respectively. Difference in NPR, TPD and PER between two baby food groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: The results showed that NPR and TPD for homemade food were nearly equal cerelac and PER was higher than cerelac.

Background and purpose: Evaluation of the quality of food proteins has a great importance from of biological and economical perspectives. That is why; biological, microbiological, chemical and integrated methods have been used and introduced for determining the quality of Proteins. Among existing methods, NPR, RNPR and TPD have been suggested as appropriate methods to determine the quality of Proteins. Considering the importance of protein quality in foods, especially in low scale families, this study has been conducted to evaluate the aim the protein quality by the use of the mentioned methods in a sample homemade food based on rice (a variety of Mazandaran rice) -lentil mixture in 2007.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on wistar rats, aged 21 days under 6 diets in 8 groups including case (home made food), standard (Casein+Methionine) and basal (Protein free) to determine NPR and RNPR and other 3 diets (case, standard and basal) to study TPD. Duration of study for NPR was 14 days. Protein intake and increase in weight were determined to calculate NPR. Duration of study for TPD was 9 days. The amounts of nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen were determined to calculate TPD. NPR, RNPR and TPD of the group Casein+Methionine with homemade food were analyzed by t-test.Results: NPR values for casein+methionine protein of home-made food were 4.3±0.4 and 3.6±0.6, respectively (P=0.02). TPD values were 92.8±4 and 75.8±5.8 (P<0.0001), for Casein+Methionine and home made food proteins, respectively. Also, RNPR was 83.6% and homemade food/Casein TPD were 81.6.Conclusion: Findings showed that homemade food TPD and NPR based on rice-lentil mixture is lower than Casein.

Background and Objectives: Evaluation of protein quality in food is of great importance due to the biological and economical impacts of food proteins. This study has been conducted with the aim of comparing the protein quality of homemade food (mixture of macaroni and soy bean) with commercial baby food (Cerelac Wheat) using Casein as the refference point.Methods: This study was conducted on 64 twenty one day old male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 8 groups, and each group was put on a different diet regiments. The diet regiments were as follow: 2 homemade food+Cerelac test diet, 1 Ccasein+Methionine standard diet, 1 protien-free basal diet, 2 test diet, 1 standard diet and 1 basal diet. The purpose of protien-free diet was to evaluate True Protien Digestability (TPD). Net Protein Ratio (NPR) and Protien Efficiency Ratios (PER) were investigated by the basal diet. Protein intake and increasing of weight were determined for NPR and PER calculating. Nitrogen intake and fecal Nitrogen were determined to calculate TPD. Comparison of TPD, NPR and PER among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey methods.Results: TPD values of Standard, Cerelac and homemade food diets were 92.8±4, 87±8 and 85.4±3.2; NPR values were 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9, 3.8±0.6; and PER values were 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4, 1.7±0.1 respectively. The statistical difference between TPD and PER values were significant (p<0.05), whereas NPR differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results shows that TPD and PER of homemade foods are lower than Cerelac while their NPR are acceptable.

Background and Aim: Evaluation of the quality of food proteins has a great importance because of biological and economical impacts. Among existing methods, true Protein digestibility, net protein ratio and protein efficiency ratio have been suggested as appropriate methods to determine the quality of proteins. Considering the importance of protein quality in foods, this study has been conducted to compare the value protein Cerelac (food industry baby) with home made food (Rice -Bean mixed) in male rats.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 64 male rats (wistar), aged 21days under 8 diets in 8 groups including of: 2 case diets (home made food and Cerelac), 1 diet standard (casein + Methionine) and 1 basal diet (protein free) in order to determine TPD, AD and 2 case diets, 1 standard diet and 1 basal diet in order to determine NPR, PER and FER. Comparison of TPD, AD, NPR, PER and FER between the groups was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey methods.Results: TPD were 92.8±4, 87±8 and 79.7±1.6, NPR were 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9 and 3.8±0.6 and PER were 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4 and 2.9±0.2 for Casein + Methionine, Cerelac and home made food  groups respectively. So difference TPD ANOVA between three groups was significant (p<0.0001) but NPR and PER were not significant.Conclusion: TPD and NPR are home made food based on Rice -Bean mixed in comparison with cereal in protein was higher and it is acceptable

Background and purpose: Due to economic and biological, evacuation of the protein quality in food substances is of great importance. Therefore, biological, microbiological, chemical land combinational methods have been introduced and used to determine protein quality, among which suggested appropriate methods include net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR, true protein digestibility (TPD) and protein efficacy ratio (PER). Regarding the importance of protein quality, particularly in low income families, this study was conducted in 2006 (1385) to compare the protein value of wheat-based cerelac (commercial) and Mixed Noodle-Soybean (domestic food) in rats.Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 64 male wistar rats of 21-day age, divided into eight groups receiving eight varying diets: 4 diets including cases (commercial and domestic baby food), standard (casein + Methionine) and basal (protein free) to investigate NPR, RNPR and PER and 4 diets to investigate TPD. NPR investigation lasted 14 days. To calculate NPR, protein intake and weight gain were determined in rats. TPD investigation took 9 days, and to calculate TPD, nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen were determined. PER was investigated in 28 days and to calculate it, protein intake and weight change were observed in rats. NPR, RNPR, TPD and PER for the casein + Methionie group with 2 commercial and 2 domestic baby food samples were analyzed using Hest.Results: for casein + Methionine, Cerelac and domestic food group, respectively we found NPRs 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9 and 3.6±0.2 TPDs 92.8±4, 87±8 ; 88.5±4.1; PERs 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4 and 2.9±0.2. Also, difference of NPR and TPD were not significant across the two groups but that of PER was significant.Conclusion: According to the findings, NPR of the domestic noodles + soybean food is lower than commercial cerelac but acceptable. Also, its PER and TPD are higher.