Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) have been used in various fermentation processes. Of several ABB, the bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) producers, notably Komagataeibacter xylinus, appears as an interesting species, in large part because of their ability in the secretion of cellulose as nano/microfibrils. In fact, BNC is characterized by a native nanofibrillar structure, which may outperform the currently used celluloses in the food industry as a promising novel hydrocolloid additive. During the last couple of years, a number of companies worldwide have introduced some BNC-based products to the market. The main aim of this editorial is to underline the BNC potentials.

In this work, Ni NPs have been in-situ synthesized using hydrazine as a reducing agent and immobilized on nanofibrillated cellulose (Ni/NFC) and magnetic nanofibrillated cellulose (Ni/Fe3O4@NFC) as green supports. The structure and morphology of the Ni/Fe3O4@NFC nanocomposite clarified high purity single-phase spherical-shaped Ni nanoparticles of about 30 nm distributed on the surface of nanocellulose as compared to the larger size of star shape particles in Ni/NFC. The catalytic activity of both nanocomposites was investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Methyl Orange (MO), and Methylene Blue (MB). The results demonstrated high catalytic efficiency toward the removal of water pollutants in a short reaction time. The reduction rate constants (k) of freeze-dried Ni/Fe3O4@NFC catalyst were 30 ×10-3 s-1, 17. 3×10-3 s-1, and 6. 9 ×10-3 s-1, for 4-NP, MO, and MB respectively, which were higher than those of synthesized Ni/NFC and other reported Ni-based catalysts. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily magnetically recoverable and reusable in other cycles.

In this study, cellulose fibers were extracted from agricultural date palm waste by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments. Cellulose NanoFibrers(CNFs) were isolated from extracted cellulose fibers with used 2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) pretreatment and Ball mill mechanical treatment. Then, the nanocellulose hydrogels werenanocellulose aerogels obtained. Field mission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) wasused to investigate the morphology of the isolated cellulose and cellulose nanofibers. Structural analysis and functional groups was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and crystalline index determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The qualitative properties of nanocellulose aerogels including porosity were evaluated by BET. The results showed that cellulose fibers and cellulose nanofibers have a rod structure and formedin 3D network. After TEMPO pretreatment, it was found that the carboxyl peak formed in the 1730 cm 0 spectrum, which accelerated the nano-process. The crystallinity of the fibers and nanofibers were 71% and 68%, respectively indicating a high degree of crystallinity in their structure. After freeze drying of nanofibers, nanocellulose aerogels were obtained with weigh of about 0. 5(g), low bulk density of 0. 0127 (g/cm3) and very high porosity of99. 16%. As a result, ultralightweight biopolymer aerogels can beused in a wide range of industries including automotive, aerospace, filtration and construction.

Some researchers have reported the successful experiments to produce nanocellulose-based filaments by several spinning methods, including wet spinning and dry spinning. The addition of nanocellulose to the composites was found to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of produced filaments or continuous fibers. However, there are several parameters of spinning that needs to be considered to achieve better quality of filaments, including high aspect ratio of nanocellulose, low viscosity of dope (low solid content), high shear rate in the spinneret, and high draw ratio. This review article focuses on brief explanation of cellulose structure and how to isolate nanocellulose, nanocellulose-based filaments by wet spinning and dry spinning methods, characteristics of wet and dry spun fibers, as well as parameters that affect spinning process. For example, the strength of filament was attributed to the aspect ratio or slenderness and crystallinity of nanocellulose. Further details of the potential application of nanocellulose for filament production is presented here as the reference for application in textile, medical, and other fields.

This study was focused on the preparation of an environmentally friendly nanocellulose based hydrogel in the form of pads. Hydrogels are hydrophilic three dimensional network with crosslinks, which swells in water but don’ t dissolve. In this research nanofibrillated cellulose and Hydroxyethyl cellulose with different ratio (1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1) were used to make hydrogel. Also, citric acid which has a significant advantage over other crosslinking agents in terms of toxicity and price, has been used in different amounts of 10% and 20% by weight to crosslink. In order to find optimal hydrogel preparation conditions, FTIR analysis, FESEM, time dependent swelling measurement and evaluating the thermal and rheological properties were performed. Samples with a lower ratio of nanocellulose to hydroxyethyl cellulose were found to be inappropriate due to the loss of their apparent integrity in the swelling measurement. According to FTIR results, cross-linking were performed only in samples with the highest ratio of nanocellulose to hydroxyethyl cellulose in different amounts of citric acid. Therefore, the hydrogels' characteristics were mainly influenced by the ratio of nanocellulose to hydroxyethyl cellulose and the amount of citric acid had less effect on these properties. These two successful final samples showed acceptable properties in other evaluated properties and led to the selection of optimal reactive ratios for the preparation of hydrogels for use in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry.