Association rule mining process can be visualized as a multi-objective problem rather than as a single objective one. Measures like support, confidence and other interestingness criteria which are used for evaluating a rule, can be thought of as different objectives of association rule mining problem. Support count is the number of records, which satisfies all the conditions that exist in the rule. This objective represents the accuracy of the rules extracted from the database. Confidence represents the proportion of records for which the prediction of the rule (or model in the case of a complete classification) is correct, and it is one of the most widely quoted measures of quality, especially in the context of complete classification. Interestingness measures how much interesting the rule is. Using these three measures as the objectives of rule mining problem, this article uses a Simulated Annealing algorithm to extract some useful and interesting rules from any Market-basket type databases. The experimental results show that the algorithm may be suitable for large and noisy datasets but don't stay in local minimum.

Background: Metal working fluids (MWFs) sprayed through lathe machine operations in the air, are considered as hazardous chemical constituents of working room air. MWFs are detrimental for respiratory system and skin and are also suggested as probable carcinogens. Materials and Methods: Occupational exposure of a representative group of lathe machine operators exposed to MWFs and a group of assembly workers without active exposure were monitored. Measurements of lung function parameters such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced volume capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC of exposed and control groups were obtained after cross-shift exposure to MWFs. Results: Exposure of the majority of lathe machine operators was in excess of the occupational exposure limit for MWFs in the range of 0.1-19.0 mg/m3 with the mean of 8.51 and standard deviation of 2.80 mg/m3. Exposure of the control group (assembly workers) to MWFs was below the sensitivity of analytical Method. Differences of predicted lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC) between the exposed and the control population were significant (p<0.001). Correlation coefficient of lung function parameters of FEV1 and FVC with cross-shift exposure was also significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Considering occupational monitoring of lathe machine operators exposed to MWFs and depression of their lung function parameters, implementation of standard control measures along with periodic lung function monitoring should be done.      

The present Numerical study is the second part of an investigation of unsteady cavitating flows. In the first part, cavity formation, establishment and disappearance were recorded using a high speed camera. Cavitation bubble length and diameter were extracted in accelerating and decelerating phases of model flight. Comparison of the experimental results with those of the steady state flow field solution showed an unacceptable agreement. In the present study a more realistic unsteady cavitating flow field simulation of the first part of the experiments is performed. The actual velocity variation of the experimental test is used in a dynamic mesh, unsteady flow field solution. Numerical results including the length and diameter of partial cavitation bubble in the accelerating phase had fairly good agreement with the experimental results. This is in contrast to the steady Numerical results presented in the first part, which had a significant difference with the experiments. The maximum error of the length and diameter of the supercavitation bubble of the first part of the experimental and present Numerical results is less than 10%, while the usual steady results are totally unacceptable.

Background: The Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) is a simple, one-question patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). We systematically reviewed correlations between SANE and more extensive PROMs. Methods: We identified studies with correlation coefficients between SANE and other shoulder, knee, and anklespecific PROMs. We calculated mean, median and range across studies and time points of data collection. Results: Eleven studies provided 14 correlations, six shoulder-specific PROMs in four studies, six knee-specific PROMs in six studies and two ankle specific PROMs in one study. The mean correlation comparing SANE and knee-specific PROMs was 0. 60 (SD 0. 24), median 0. 66, and range 0. 12 to 0. 88. Among studies comparing SANE and shoulderspecific PROMs mean correlation was 0. 59 (SD 0. 20), median 0. 62 and range 0. 20 to 0. 89. The mean correlation between SANE and ankle-specific PROMs was 0. 69 (SD 0. 17), median 0. 69 and range 0. 75 to 0. 81. Conclusion: There seems to be moderate correlation amongst PROMs, even those that are a single question. Future research might address whether patient reported outcome measure a common underlying construct even when they consist of a single question.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between chronic pain and impairment of cognitive capabilities. Since the number sense is one of the cognitive ability involved in the evaluation of pain intensity using some pain measurement tools, impairment of number sense may impact pain assessment. Therefore, the validity of number-based pain assessment tools should be re-evaluated. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether number sense is altered in chronic and acute pain patients compared to healthy subjects. Methods: Overall, 150 participants were recruited and divided into the three groups of controls, chronic and acute pain patients. Pain intensity was evaluated using Numeric and verbal rating scales as pain assessment tools. Number sense was assessed using number naming, number marking, and line bisection tasks. Deviation from correct answers was measured for each task. Results: Patients with chronic pain (migraine headache) had higher pain intensity scores than acute pain subjects. Chronic pain patients showed significant deviation from the expected responses compared to controls in the line bisection task. Conclusions: Chronic pain patients may have impaired number sense and may differently use number-based pain assessment tools in comparison with healthy individuals.