In this paper, a new nano-size ionic liquid (nIL) has been synthesized from D-phenylalanine and oxalic acid (D-Phe-OX) via a simple procedure. The obtained nIL has been characterized by the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), techniques. The synthesized nanocatalyst has been used for the three-component One-step synthesis of functionalized spirolactones via the condensation reaction of arylamines, DMAD and isatins. The stereoselective preparation of dispirodihydrofuranyl oxindoles has also been examined successfully through the onestep pseudo-four component condensation of isatins, amines and DMAD, respectively.

Modelling and forecasting Stock market is a challenging task for economists and engineers since it has a dynamic structure and nonlinear characteristic. This nonlinearity affects the efficiency of the price characteristics. Using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a proper way to model this nonlinearity and it has been used successfully in onestep-ahead and multi-step-ahead prediction of different stocks prices. Several factors, such as input variables, preparing data sets, network architectures and training procedures, have huge impact on the accuracy of the neural network prediction. The purpose of this paper is to predict multi-step-ahead prices of the stock market and derive the method, based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Real-Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) networks and Nonlinear Autoregressive model process with exogenous input (NARX). This model is trained and tested by Tehran Securities Exchange data.

Oxyfluoride glass- ceramics containing CaF2 nano- crystals doped with Y3+ ions were prepared by onestep crystallization of SiO2- Al2O3- CaO- CaF2 glasses at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results have revealed that CaF2 was the only precipitated crystalline phase in glass- ceramic samples. According to the XRD results, a glass- ceramic was selected as the best sample in order to compare its optical properties with basic glass. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis spectra are utilized to check optical properties of glass and glass- ceramic samples. A broad emission band in the visible region was determined, which was stronger in the glassy sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) results establish the doorway of Y3+ ions into just some of the crystals embedded in the glassy matrix, that was the rational reason of photoluminescence intensity decrease in glass-ceramic.

Background: With the identification of blood donors with a subsequent positive result in HCV screening and the possibility of HCV transmission via their previous negative donations, the role of look-back investigation has been crucial in enhancing blood safety. A retrospective study was conducted to identify the fate of blood components from donors subsequently found to be confirmed HCV positive cases with previous negative donations. Objectives: This look-back study aimed to determine the transfusion-induced hepatitis C virus infection through previous HCVnegative donations of subsequent HCV positive blood donors in Iran. Methods: In this study, all serologically confirmed HCV positive blood donors across the country from December 2015 to June 2017 were included. A look-back process was conducted by tracing back previous HCV negative donations of subsequent HCV-positive blood donors to specific recipients, according to the IBTO instructions. The HCV RNA testing was carried out using an in-house onestep TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay. Results: During the study period, 280 serologically confirmed HCV-positive blood donors were included, with 267 as first-time, nine as repeated, and three as regular donors. Of the participants, the first-time donors were excluded, the repeated donors were not eligible, and only the regular donors were selected for the look-back study. The HCV RNA was detected in one regular donor, but HCV infection was not detected in his previous donation recipient. In addition, more than two HCV risk factors were reported by each regular blood donor. Conclusions: According to the results, evidence of HCV transmission via previous blood transfusions and the risk of HCV infection was not observed among recipients. Due to the reporting of some HCV risk factors by the subjects, paying proper attention to the donor selection process is highly recommended.

Background and Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are significant health problems, as they can lead to chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. Factors associated with HBV propagation include blood and derivates transfusion, duration and frequency of hemodialysis, equipment contamination and contact among patients as well as between them and health-care workers. Transmission of HCV through dialysis units has shown a progressive increase worldwide, ranging from 5% in some western countries to 70% in some developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in hemodialysis patients of Rasht (center of Guilan province, North of Iran).Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 163 chronic (>6 months) hemodialysis patients. Patients from the hemodialysis unit of Rasht were interviewed. The following data was collected: name, age, gender, occupation, duration of dialysis and cause of End Stage Renal Disease. Blood samples were collected and screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies by a third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Qualitative HCV determination in ELISA positive cases (after two tests) was performed by QIAGEN OneStep reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit (assay sensitivity 100 copies/mL).Results: Five patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive (3.06%) and 30 were anti HCV antibody positive by ELISA (18.40%). HCV positivity was confirmed by PCR in 17(10.42%) patients. All patients had a minimum of two to a maximum of three dialysis sessions per week. Mean age in HBsAg positive cases was 47.3 years and all of them were male. Duration of dialysis was 8-12 years in all five HBsAg positive patients. Mean age in HCV positive patients was 42.3 years. 66% of HCV positive patients were male and 33.33% of them were female. Duration of dialysis was 0-4 years in 33.33 % of HCV positive patients, 4-8 years in 26.66% of cases, 8-12 years in 20% and 12-16 years in 20% of them.Conclusions: This project suggests that hepatitis C infection has a high prevalence in dialysis patients and Anti-HCV Ab test should be performed before scheduling them. Although some references refuse to suggest isolation of dialysis settings for this group of patients, strategies such as closed control of services given to these patients such as blood transfusion and also training the personnel of hemodialysis units for infection prevention seems to be necessary.