Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.Iran are one of the endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in worldwide. Staff of the Armed Forces, sometimes, is forced to accommodate in or around cities and villages thus they are at the risk of this disease and they can transfer the disease to other parts of the country. In this study cutaneous Leishmaniasis status has been studied in patients referring to a 554 military Zanjan hospital in 2009.Materials and methods: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The military personnel with Leishmaniasis returning from the south west of the country (Fakeh) were examined according to questions of a questionnaire.Results: This Study was done on 37 cases of positive cutaneous Leishmaniasis referred to the 554 military Zanjan hospital. Most of the patients had one scar (54.1%). The wounds were mostly on hand (35.1%) and then foot (24.3%). 90% of patients did not notice their bites, because the bite may had no symptoms and pain at first.Conclusion: The results of this study show that prevention and control among the troops is necessary and recommended before the establishment of camps in the endemic areas of leishmaniasis.

Until now, many pests associated with the common ash and its Outbreaks from Europe have been reported including the ash sawfly, Tomostethus (Blennocampinae). The present study was carried out in spring of 2017 following the severe Outbreak of the ash sawfly in West Azarbayjan, north Zagros forests. The collected specimens were identified using molecular methods and sequencing of a partial COI. The Blast results showed a sequence of the present study is related to the genus Tomostethus and the species, T. nigritus with 92 percent similarity. The ash sawfly is dispersed as calmly on the margin of the Zab River in West Azarbayjan province. The current primary study on the existence and prevalence of this pest in northern Zagros should be considered seriously and details of the aspects of intense control and monitoring should be determined for the management of the invading pest in the attention of forestry conservation officials.

Due to the recent Outbreak of norovirus in the northern area of Tehran, this report reviews the recent advances and provides guidelines for Outbreak management and disease prevention for medical practitioners. Norovirus is the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis Outbreaks worldwide, and a major cause of foodborne illnesses. In the United States, approximately 21 million illnesses attributable to norovirus are estimated to occur annually. Since 2001, when the most recent norovirus recommendations were published (1), substantial advances have been made in norovirus epidemiology, immunology, diagnostic methods, and infection control. As molecular diagnostic techniques have improved and become more widely available, detection and reporting of norovirus Outbreaks have increased. Although the inability to culture human noroviruses in vitro has hampered the progression, assessment of the performance of disinfectants has been facilitated by the discovery of new, cultivable surrogates for human noroviruses. In addition, the periodic emergences of epidemic strains (from genogroup II type 4, GII.4) as well as Outbreaks in specific populations (e.g. the elderly in nursing homes) have been characterized (1).