QUINAZOLINONE IS AN IMPORTANT CLASS OF HETEROCYCLESWHICH POSSESS DIVERSE RANGE OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS ANTIMALARIAL, ANTICONVULSANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIDIABETIC, AND ANTICANCERACTIVITIES [1]. THEY ARE ALSO WELL-KNOWN AS THE "PRIVILEGED STRUCTURES" FOR DRUG DESIGN, WHICH ARE DEFINED AS A CLASS OF MOLECULES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BINDING TO MULTIPLE RECEPTORS WITH HIGH AFFINITY [2].THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SYNTHETIC METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF QUINAZOLIN-4 (3H) -ONES. THE MUMM SYNTHESIS FROM 2-AMINO BENZOIC ACID WAS PERHAPS THE FIRSTCONCISE APPROACH. OTHER METHODS FROM PRECURSORS OR DERIVATIVES OF 2-AMINO BENZOIC ACIDS WERE ALSO REPORTED [3]. IN MORE RECENT EXAMPLES, DIFFERENT KIND OF CATALYSIS WAS USED TOFACILITATE THE SYNTHESES OF QUINAZOLINS [4].ISOCYANIDES HAVE EMERGED AS HIGHLY USEFUL C1 BUILDING BLOCKS IN PALLADIUM CATALYSIS DURING THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS [5]. HEREIN, WE WISH TO INTRODUCE THE NOVEL PD CATALYST METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF QUINAZOLINONES FROM THE REACTION OF 2-AMINO BENZAMIDE AND ISOCYANIDES.

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A PALLADIUM MEMBRANE HAS BEEN PREPARED BY ELECTROLESS PLATING ON THE SURFACE OF A HOMEMADE A-ALUMINA DISK. THE DISK SURFACE WAS MODIFIED WITH SILICA NANOSCALE LAYER TO NARROW SUPPORT MACROPORES SIZE. THE SILICA FILM HAS BEEN PREPARED BY AN ACID CATALYTIC SOL-GEL PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF CTAB AS TEMPLATE. TEOS WAS STARTING MATERIAL AND HOMOGENEOUS, CLEAR TRANSPARENT SOLUTION WAS PREPARED AND COATED ON Α-ALUMINA DISK BY DIP-COATING. THEN HEATED SLOWLY TO 400OC IN AIR. PD LAYER DEPOSITED ELECTROLESSLY ON IT. SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SILICA FILM AND PALLADIUM LAYER HAVE BEEN STUDIED BY AFM AND SEM. THERE IS SHOWN SILICA INORGANIC NANOSCALE WALLS PRODUCED BETWEEN ORDERED SURFACTANT MICELLES. PERMEABILITY AND SELECTIVITY OF MEMBRANE WAS INVESTIGATED. THE HYDROGEN PERMEANCE OF THE CORRESPONDING MEMBRANE WAS AS HIGH AS 9.87×10-6 MOL.M-2.S-1.PA-1 AND H2/N2 SELECTIVITY WAS 149 AT 699K AND A PRESSURE DIFFERENCE OF 21KPA.

BACKGROUND: TERAZOSIN IS USED IN MEN FOR SYMPTOM RELIEF IN THE CASE OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. THIS IS CATEGORIZED UNDER THE GROUP OF ALPHA ONE ADRENORECEPTOR BLOCKERS. TERAZOSIN IS ALSO USED IN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE BY RELAXING BLOOD VESSELS SO THAT BLOOD CAN EASILY PASS THROUGH [1]...

METHANOL IS A PRIMARY LIQUID PETROCHEMICAL THAT IS PRODUCED FROM SYNTHESIS GAS THAT CONSISTS OF H2, CO2, CO AND SOME INERT COMPONENTS LIKE METHANE AND NITROGEN IN LARGE SCALE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION RATE IN INDUSTRIAL METHANOL REACTORS ARE PARAMETERS SUCH AS THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM LIMITATIONS, CATALYST DEACTIVATION AND VARIATION IN STOICHIOMETRIC NUMBER. FOR REACTIONS, WHICH ARE THERMODYNAMICALLY LIMITED, SELECTIVE PRODUCT REMOVAL OR REACTANT ADDITION MAY BE USED TO INCREASE CONVERSION. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES OF MEMBRANE REACTORS IS THE POSSIBILITY OF OVERCOMING THE LIMITATION IMPOSED BY THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. IN THE PRESENCE OF A PERM-SELECTIVE MEMBRANE SUCH AS PD AND PD– AG (23 WT.%AG) MEMBRANES, HYDROGEN CAN PENETRATE FROM THE FEED SYNTHESIS GAS SIDE INTO THE REACTION SIDE DUE TO THE HYDROGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE DRIVING FORCE. HYDROGEN PERMEATION THROUGH THE MEMBRANE SHIFTS THE REACTION TOWARDS THE PRODUCT SIDE ACCORDING TO THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM AND ENHANCES METHANOL PRODUCTION. THIS STUDY CONSIDERING PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS AND SHOWS THAT CO CONVERSION CAN BE PROMOTED BEYOND THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM BY ADDING THE HYDROGEN REACTANT TO REACTION SIDE. ALSO THE RESULTS SHOW THAT DECREASING THE FLOW RATE OF THE FEED IS THE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN INCREASING METHANOL PRODUCTION. ALSO MOLE FRACTION OF METHANOL IS ENHANCED BY INCREASING THE SHELL SIDE PRESSURE, DECREASING MEMBRANE THICKNESS, INCREASING SHELL SIDE FLOW RATE. IN MEMBRANE DUAL-TYPE REACTOR, RESULTS SHOW A FAVORABLE TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF THE CATALYST ALONG THE MEMBRANE DUAL-TYPE REACTOR SYSTEM LEADS TO HIGHER ACTIVITY ALONG THE REACTOR AND CAUSES LONGER CATALYST LIFE TIME. ALSO A FAVORABLE TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF THE CATALYST ALONG THE REACTORS WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF CATALYST ACTIVITY IN THE GAS-COOLED REACTOR OF THE MEMBRANE DUAL-TYPE SYSTEM RESULTS IN A HIGHER PRODUCTION RATE IN THIS SYSTEM.

IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, PALLADIUM IS ONE OF THE MOST USEFUL CATALYSTS FOR VARIOUS C-C BOND FORMATIONS SUCH AS SUZUKI-MIYAURA REACTION. DESPITE THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF PD CATALYSTS, THE USE OF PD HAVE SOME DISADVANTAGES, INCLUDING THE CATALYST REUSABILITY AND HIGH COST ATTRIBUTED TO THE SCARCITY OF THE METAL, THUS POSTPONING THEIR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. ...