Doped polyaniline (PANI) was obtained by the polymerization of aniline, using chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate [(NH4) 2S2O8]. The doped PANI was dedoped by ammonia solution. The electrospinning method was applied to solutions involving PANI–PVA, PANI–PVA–AgNO3, where PVA=poly (vinyl alcohol) and PANI=polyaniline. Micro to nanofibers were obtained in the cases of PANI–PVA and PANI–PVA–AgNO3. The SEM technique was used to investigate the morphology of the accumulated fibers or particles on the Al surface collector.Thermal analysis performed on PANI–PVA composite fibers indicated an endothermic peak at 280–420oC, accomPANIed by 90% weight loss. The presence of Ag in the case of Ag containing composite fibers was confirmed by EDAX.

This study involved the preparation of novel ternary PANI/rGO-Cr2O3, PANI/rGO-NiO, PANI/NiO-Cr2O3 nanocompsites using in-situ polymerization method. The resulting nanocomposites were identified using FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM measurements. The electrical properties of single PVA polymer films and PVA hybrids were studied by LCR techniques at frequency range of 1kHz -5kHz and a temperature of 25 οC. The measurements of electrical conductivity exhibited an augmentation in the magnitudes of the dielectric constant (ɛ’) and the dielectric loss factor (ε′′). The value decreases as the frequency increases. The thermal measurements showed that the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases with increasing the frequencies.

Polyaniline structures were synthesized through a chemical method using citric acid and oxalic acid as carriers and 5 mm size α-alumina particles as a template. The obtained nano-size pristine products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Nanofibrous PANI was obtained with oxalic acid, nanoparticles with oxalic acid and α-alumina, net-like nanostructures with citric acid and spherical nanoparticles with citric acid and α-alumina. The high intensity photoluminescence of PANI prepared with oxalic acid as a carrier is possibly due to greater chances of exciton formation resulting from increased π-electron mobility. Electrochemical studies of PANI electrodes in 2.0 M H2SO4 were carried out at various scan rates. The CVs showed rectangular shape with added pronounced oxidation and reduction peaks.

In this study, the synthesis of Fe3O4 /PANI nanocomposites is achieved by employing a spin coating technique, which involves the initial preparation of Fe2O3 from iron sand through magnetic separation and ball milling. The Fe3O4 precursor is then combined with polyaniline (PANI) at different concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) using a sol-gel process. The resulting Fe3O4 /PANI gel mixture is spin-coated onto glass substrates and dried. The nanocomposite films undergo extensive characterization through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vibration Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and electrical measurements using an LCR meter. Our findings show a correlation between Fe3O4 concentrations and crystal size, observed as a decrease from 30% to 40%, an increase at 50%, and a subsequent decrease from 60% to 70%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the chemical bonding between Fe3O4 Fe2O3 and PANI. SEM images reveal the layer thickness varies with concentration, measured as 5.02 µm, 16.54 µm, 17.82 µm, 19.36 µm, and 24.4 µm, respectively. Electrical properties indicate resistance values of 7.36 mΩ, 8.388 mΩ, 8.101 mΩ, 8.53 mΩ, and 3.53 mΩ for the respective Fe3O4 concentrations, with corresponding capacitance values. This study elucidates the structural and electrical properties of Fe3O4 /PANI nanocomposites, highlighting their potential for diverse applications.