برآورد میزان تغذیه آب زیرزمینی نقش اساسی در مدیریت منابع آب دارد و جریان رودخانه بویژه جریان پایه نیز یکی از منابع تغذیه بشمار می رود. اگر در شرایطی میزان تلفات و انتقال آب زیرزمینی درون حوضه کم باشد، جریان پایه می تواند تقریب مناسبی از تغذیه به حساب آید. به منظور بررسی تغذیه آب زیرزمینی از طریق تحلیل جریان پایه، ایستگاه حنیفقان واقع بر رودخانه حنیفقان با حوضه ای به مساحت 415 کیلومترمربع در فاصله 110 کیلومتری جنوب غربی شهرستان شیراز با طول دوره آماری 31 سال (1384-1353) انتخاب گردید. در این پژوهش برای برآورد میزان جریان پایه از نرم افزار PART و برای برآورد میزان تغذیه از نرم افزار RORA استفاده گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از هر دو نرم افزار PART و RORA در حوضه مورد مطالعه مقدور بوده و هر دو نرم افزار نتایج مشابهی را ارائه می دهند و همبستگی خوبی با یکدیگر دارند. دبی پایه بطور میانگین حدود 87 درصد جریان کلی رودخانه را در ایستگاه مزبور نشان می دهد که این مطلب ضرورت و اهمیت مدیریت تلفیقی آبهای سطحی و زیرزمینی را نشان می دهد.

The Kerman region stands out as one of the most significant mining areas globally, owing to its extensive and abundant mineral resources. Bam County, situated in the southeastern PART of Kerman, has historically served as a crucial hub connecting the southeast of Iran with Sistan and Afghanistan, attributed to its distinctive geological and geomorphological characteristics. Enjoying considerable commercial and military importance since the Sassanid era, Bam County has garnered attention in archaeological research as a strategically vital region. The exploration of Bam's archaeological sites becomes imperative for historical governments, highlighting the need to investigate and comprehend ancient centers engaged in metal smelting and mining activities. Consequently, an archaeological survey of the central PART of Bam County was initiated in 2018-2019 with the specific objective of identifying metal smelting workshops and ancient mines. This article presents the outcomes of a field survey conducted in the central PART of Bam County, shedding light on evidence of metal smelting centers, furnaces, and historical mining activities. The primary research inquiries center around the chronology of mining evidence in the central PART of Bam County, the types of metals extracted, and the processes involved in metal mining and metallurgy within this region. Employing field and documentary methods, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The study identified and examined eight sites showcasing evidence of smelting and slag, one ancient mine, and two active mines. These sites have been associated with the extraction and processing of metals and elements such as tin, zinc, lead, silver, iron, and, to a lesser extent, gold. Notably, the substantial volume of zinc and zinc oxide processing in seven sites holds significance. Although cultural materials for chronological dating were absent in the investigated sites, historical sources indicate that the extraction and smelting of these metals in the region date back to at least the 3rd century AH (9th century AD) and persisted until the Qajar period

سامانه تشخیص نفوذ یکی از مهم ترین ابزارهای امنیتی در تشخیص حملات رایانه ای است که بر پایه یکی از دو روش تشخیص مبتنی بر سوءاستفاده و مبتنی بر ناهنجاری عمل می کند. مهم ترین چالش ارتقای آی. دی. اس، محدودیت زمانی پاسخ و استفاده از الگوریتم با کارایی پایین جهت شناسایی نفوذ است. انتخاب دقیق خصایصی از سامانه تشخیص نفوذ که بر پایه آن ها بتوان قدرت تشخیص را در این سامانه ها بالا برد، یکی از مراحل مهم در فرآیند تشخیص نفوذ است. در این مقاله شیوه ای جدید جهت تعیین موثرترین خصایص در سامانه تشخیص نفوذ مبتنی بر تشخیص سوءاستفاده، ارائه شده است. در این شیوه، خصایص مجموعه داده NSL-KDD با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه سازی کلونی مورچگان، درحرکت روبه جلو با بهره گیری از الگوریتم دسته بندی PART، کاهش داده شده است. برای ارزیابی میزان موفقیت این شیوه، نرم افزاری به زبان جاوا پیاده سازی شده که در آن از توابع کتابخانه نرم افزار WEKA استفاده شده است. نتایج ارزیابی در مقایسه با سایر کارهای موفق، نشان می دهد که این طرح، نرخ صحت تشخیص نفوذ را با تعیین هم زمان دسته حمله، از متوسط 1/84% به 35/85% ارتقا داده است. همچنین زمان تشخیص نفوذ برای یک مجموعه داده حدودا بیست هزار عضوی از متوسط 31/0 ثانیه به کم تر از 25/0 ثانیه کاهش یافته است.

A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture development strategies and their effect on the sustainable livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central PART of Bandar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. Sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. Sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural development, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable livelihood strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural development to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern PART of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.