This study was conducted in the Agogo Traditional Area of the Ashanti region of Ghana where there are numerous cases of conflicts between crop and animal farmers as a result of insufficient pasture for livestock, especially during the dry seasons. This has drawn the attention of various stakeholders in agriculture to the need for supplement feed through pasture establishment. The study used cross-sectional data from 150 farmers selected via a multi-stage sampling technique. Financial viability indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and PERCEPTION index based on a five-point Likert scale were used. SWOT analysis was also conducted to assess the feasibility of the pasture business venture. The study found the pasture business as a viable concept with a BCR of 1.18, a positive NPV of GH₵3,160, an IRR of 40.1% and a payback period of 2.61 years. Farmers’ PERCEPTION on the establishment of pasture for small ruminant production was positive. The SWOT analysis identified the prospects and potential challenges of the concept as follows: availability of land, support to government policy of establishing ‘fodder banks’ for sustainable land use, low technical know-how, and land tenure issues, among others. The study recommends the establishment of pasture as a venture since it is financially viable and has the potency to reduce farmer-herder conflicts to make all stakeholders better off. Farmers should also be empowered by concerned institutions through technical education on pasture establishment.

1هدف: هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه احساس تعلق به مدرسه، ادراک از جو مدرسه و سرزندگی تحصیلی دانش ­آموزان پسر مقطع ابتدایی مدارس عادی و غیرانتفاعی شهر قاین بود. روش: روش این پژوهش توصیفی از نوع علی مقایسه ­ای بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل تمامی دانش آموزان ابتدایی مدارس عادی و غیرانتفاعی شهر قاین در سال تحصیلی 1403-1402 بود. از میان جامعه آماری، تعداد 114 دانش ­آموز (57 دانش­آموز عادی و 57 دانش­آموز پسر مدارس غیرانتفاعی) به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس به عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. به­ منظور جمع آوری داده­ های پژوهش از پرسشنامه احساس تعلق به مدرسه بری، بتی و وات (2004)، پرسشنامه ادراک از جو مدرسه وی، ردی و رودز (2007) و پرسشنامه سرزندگی تحصیلی مارتین و مارش (2008) استفاده شد. به ­منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده­های پژوهش از تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (MANOVA) استفاده شد.  یافته ­ها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ های پژوهش نشان داد که بین متغیرهای احساس تعلق به مدرسه، ادراک از جو مدرسه و سرزندگی تحصیلی در دانش ­آموزان مدارس غیرانتفاعی و عادی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (005/0p<). به­عبارت دیگر میزان احساس تعلق به مدرسه، ادراک از جو مدرسه و سرزندگی تحصیلی در دانش­آموزان غیر انتفاعی بیشتر از دانش­آموزان مدارس عادی است. نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نمرات دانش­آموزان عادی در متغیرهای مورد مطالعه نسبت به دانش­آموزان غیرانتفاعی پایین­تر است، بنابراین مدارس عادی باید آموزش­هایی را در جهت تقویت متغیرهای تحصیلی چون: احساس تعلق، ادراک جومدرسه، سرزندگی تحصیلی برای دانش­آموزان خود در نظر بگیرند.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Nature has aesthetics of its own, what can provoke the human mind into better recognizing the concept of beauty via mental PERCEPTION. As such, human mind can interact with the nonverbal expressions of nature only to better his/her primitive aesthetic knowledge and reach a more novel recognition of aestheticism via the practice of interpretative deduction. This article has been the result of a series of discussions and dialogues between the authors on the nature of aesthetic geotouring and exploring the natural phenomena based on the Dialectical Method of Socrates and modelled after the Platonic dialogues. The outcome of this dialectic study brings to light the fact that touring in nature through providing the due opportunity for mental PERCEPTION of aesthetic phenomena can provide a clearer definition of ‘beauty’ in its rich variety. Aesthetic search as such will culminate in forming a more illuminated mental concept of beauty in mind, what can influence human rationale for aesthetic judgment and enrich even more the texture of human aesthetic creation. Such aesthetico-interpretative endeavor might lead to a higher potential for creating more original works of literature and art and culminate in a better judgment about such aesthetic creations.