The main objective of water spreading projects is recharging aquifers. In this study, changes of soil surface PERMEABILITY in Yazd water spreading projects, including Sirizi in Bafgh, Herat and Miankouh in Mehriz were investigated. Using a double ring, 12 PERMEABILITY tests (in first and fourth strips and three tests for each strip) were performed. Using measured data the performance of PERMEABILITY equations such as Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis, Horton, SCS, and Philip were compared in estimating cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate in the study areas. Results showed that average PERMEABILITY for Bafgh, Herat and Mehriz water spreading projects were about 1. 06, 1. 52 and 2. 94 cmhr-1, respectively. The best equation for estimating cumulative infiltration in Bafgh was the Horton equation with RMSE and Nash Sutcliffe coefficients of 0. 097 and 0. 992, respectively, while in Herat and Mehriz the best equation was the Kostiakov-Lewis equation with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and RMSE of 0. 385, 0. 994, 0. 081 and 0. 991 respectively.

Foam flooding (or injection of foam) is a common technology to enhance oil recovery. Although the effects of PERMEABILITY on foam flooding were well studied in many laboratory experiments, little research has been focused on the specificity of low PERMEABILITY. In this paper, a series of constant-quality nitrogen foam flow experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of PERMEABILITY on the foam performance and oil displacement efficiency. Moreover, the results indicated that foam can be generated in low PERMEABILITY porous media. With uniform experimental conditions, the higher PERMEABILITY core has a bigger recovery amplification and greater decreasing range of water cut decline. Furthermore, the effect of microscopic heterogeneities of low PERMEABILITY reservoir on foam displacement is considered. Moreover, experimental comparative analysis with different microscopic heterogeneity cores showed that, in low PERMEABILITY condition, homogeneous porous media has a better prospects of oil-displacement. Finally, in this work, the results of the PERMEABILITY effects on the foam performance and oil displacement efficiency exemplify a potential to apply the technology to low PERMEABILITY reservoir.

Bentonite has been used industrially in various construction projects. This material is used, due to its limited hydraulic conductivity, in some cases such as landfill, sealing walls and nuclear waste disposal tanks. Recently, many researchers have investigated the use of bentonite slurry systems for injection into granular soils under static and dynamic loading conditions in order to improve soil engineering performance. In this condition, bentonite slurry is deposited in a loose soil with low pressure and without disturbance in the structure of the soil under injection. Due to the nature of the thixotropy of the bentonite slurry, the injected material is deposited in the form of gel structures in the soil and leads to increasing soil resistance to static and dynamic loads. For suitable soil engineering properties in granular soil, the use of concentrated bentonite slurry is appropriate; high concentrations will limit the penetration of bentonite due to low soil PERMEABILITY. In order to overcome this limitation, slurry rheological properties such as viscosity must be corrected in order to increase the depth of sand penetration. Other researchers observed that with the reduction of viscosity in the cement slurry with micro-size particles, the amount of its penetration in the sand column significantly increased....

One of the important reasons that causes cracking and deformation in concrete elements, especially in the surface area of concrete, is different climatic conditions and temperature changes. In the previous researches, not many researches have been done regarding the relationship between the penetration rate value and the surface strength. The reason for the lack of research in this regard is the lack of simple methods or the high price of equipment to evaluate surface strength. In this article, infiltration- reducing materials with the brand names of Supergel and Mesocrete are used, which are widely used in Iran today. A simple "twist-off" test has been used to evaluate the surface strength. Also, "cylindrical chamber" test was used to measure the PERMEABILITY. To apply the cycles of temperature changes, the samples were subjected to cycles of 50, 100, and 150 cycles. The obtained results show in the 150th cycle, the surface resistance of ordinary concrete has decreased by about 30%, but the reduction of the surface strength of concrete with penetration-reducing materials is less than 20%. Also, the increase in the PERMEABILITY of ordinary concrete in the 150th cycle is equal to 486%, but this value is half of this value in concretes containing permeation-reducing substances. In the following, by using MATLAB software, it was determined that the relationship between PERMEABILITY and concrete strength is close to each other, and this issue is established in terms of formulation with a first-order plane equation with a correlation coefficient of about 91%.