This paper proposes a 2.4 GHz active mixer without passive inductor for the transceiver system. Taking into account the design requirements of the mixer, a double-balanced down-conversion structure with active inductor and negative resistance is designed. The proposed mixer with 130 nm CMOS technology is designed and simulated using Cadence software at 1.5 V supply voltage. Although we had to compromise conversion gain with linearity, we were able to achieve very high conversion gain with average linearity. Based on the results of post-layout simulations, the conversion gain of 27.57 dB, IIP3 equal to -7.88 dBm, 1-dB compression point equal to -17.34 dBm and IIP2 equal to 44.22 dBm with power consumption of 2.5 mW was obtained for the proposed mixer. The chip size without input and output pads is 95.18 µm × 117.68 µm, which leads to a chip area of 0.0112mm2.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which PHYSICAL and non-PHYSICAL characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between PHYSICAL and non-PHYSICAL factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different PHYSICAL development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of PHYSICAL development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized PHYSICAL and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

مقدمه: سلامت انسان ها و در نتیجه سلامت جامعه، نقش موثری در توسعه و توانمندی جامعه دارد. سلامت، محور توسعه است و سطح سلامتی جامعه نیز از توسعه یافتگی آن تاثیر می پذیرد.هدف: هدف این پژوهش، بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان پسر مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران در سال تحصیلی 1388 می باشد.مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی می باشد. در این مطالعه تعداد 1000 دانش آموز پسر 14-12 ساله که در مدارس مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران مشغول به تحصیل بودند، به صورت نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسش نامه و برگه ثبت مشاهدات بود. جمع آوری داده ها از طریق مراجعه به مدارس و بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان، تکمیل پرسش نامه توسط دانش آموزان و تکمیل برگه ثبت مشاهدات توسط پژوهشگر بر اساس مشاهده انجام شد، که جهت معاینه از ابزارهایی مانند: متر، ترازو، چارت اسنلن، دیاپازون، آبسلانگ، چراغ قوه و دستکش یک بار مصرف استفاده گردید.نتایج: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که میانه وزن و قد پسران در تمام گروه های سنی، از میانه استاندارد رشد پایین تر بود. به طور کلی وزن 4.6 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 29.2 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 54.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند و به طور کلی قد 3.2 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 32.6 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 52.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند. از نظر وضعیت بینایی، 25.8 درصد از آزمودنی ها، حداقل یک چشم دارای حدت بینایی کمتر از 0.9 داشتند. در رابطه با وضعیت شنوایی، 8.4 درصد دانش آموزان دچار کاهش شنوایی بودند. از نظر دندانی، 72 درصد دارای پوسیدگی بودند. هم چنین اسکولیوزیس، کیفوزیس و لوردوزیس به ترتیب در 6.8 درصد، 2.4 درصد و 3.9 درصد از دانش آموزان دیده شدند و تنها بین میزان تحصیلات پدر و میانگین تعداد فرزندان خانواده با دی ام اف تی، رابطه همبستگی وجود داشت.نتیجه گیری: یافته های این پژوهش، لزوم توجه بیشتر به بهداشت دهان و دندان، بهداشت تغذیه و ورزش، سلامت بینایی، شنوایی و دستگاه اسکلتی در نزد دانش آموزان را نشان می دهد.