In thermal cracking plants, it is desired to apply an optimal temperature profile along the reactor to minimize the operation cost. In this article a simulator is developed by the use of a mathematical model, which describes the static operation of a naphtha thermal cracking pilot plant. The model is used to predict the steady state profiles of the gas temperature and product yields. Using a dynamic programming technique, an optimal temperature profile along the reactor is obtained. The effects of operating variables such as steam to hydrocarbon ratio (S/HC), coil outlet temperature (COT) and feed flow rate on product yield are investigated. Pilot plant simulation results are compared with the industrial data and the results indicate that they follow the same trend.

Energy obtained from renewable sources has increased its participation in the energy matrix worldwide, and it is expected to maintain this tendency. Both in large and small scales, there have been numerous developments and research with the aim of generating fuels and energy using different raw materials such as alternative crops, algae and waste cooking oil.Capparis spinosa seed (containing 32% triglycerides) is used as an excellent source for biodiesel production. In this work, biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl ester) is produced by trans-esterification of Capparis spinosa oil, in the presence of methanol and sodium hydroxide as an alkaline catalyst. According to data collection, pilot of biodiesel production is simulated by using HYSYS v3.2 software. The yield of biodiesel in the presence of sodium hydroxide was considered 94%. The results of FTIR and GC-MS spectra showed transesterification reaction has been complete. According to the results, the produced biodiesel is in the range of ASTM Standard.

The paper presents the large eddy simulation conditional moment closure (CMC) simulation of pilot stabilized methanol flame to study the effects of conditional scalar dissipation rate (CSDR). Two models are used in this research to evaluate CSDR: conditional volume averaging (CVA) and amplitude mapping closure (AMC). For the turbulence modelling, the dynamic Smagorinsky approach is adopted to allow for local adjustment of the Smagorinsky constant. CMC is used for turbulent combustion modeling. CVA is adopted for the calculation of conditional velocity. The temperature, mixture fraction, and major species mass fraction are compared against experimental data along radial direction for both cases. The comparison showed reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements for the temperature. It is also observed that the AMC model is superior in predictions compared to the CVA method. Additionally, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are predicted with remarkable accuracy. Moreover, the conditional temperature is also in good agreement with experimental data that shows CMC model capabilities in turbulent combustion modeling.