Background and Aims: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs prescribed for controlling and post root canal treatment pain. During the last decade, a new generation of NSAIDs has been introduced such as Celecoxib and Gelofen with less gastrointestinal side effects and more analgesic effect. No studies have been performed to compare Celecoxib and Gelofen with other NSAIDs considering the reduction of post-endodontic pain, therefore, this study was designed.Materials and Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial study, 90 patients were divided into 3 groups and underwent root canal therapy. Celecoxib, Gelofen, or placebo was randomized prescribed to the patients 1 hour before treatment. The intensity of pain was recorded using visual analog scale (VAS) at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours after completion of root canal treatment. The data were analyzed by means of repeated measurements, multiple comparisons and one-way ANOVA tests using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: The results showed significant difference between Celecoxib and Gelofen in comparison with placebo at 8 and 12 hours after initiation of treatment. There was no significant difference among three groups at 4, 24, and 48 hours after initiation of treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, use of Gelofen or Celecoxib before treatment reduces post-endodontic pain. These drugs can be prescribed before initiation of treatment as the effective agents for reduction of postendodontic pain.

Introduction & Objective: The inguinal hernia is a common disorder in general surgery. Various methods have been described in hernia repair. In modern methods, synthetic mesh is used to cover the defect and the most known method is Lichtenstein surgical repair, the present study was done to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for tension-free mesh hernioplasty.Materials & Methods: In a double blind controlled clinical trial, 200 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to either intravenous placebo or antibiotic prophylaxis. A questionnaire containing age, sex, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery and the condition of the wound was filled up for each patient in the study. Data in questionnaire and forms were analyzed with SPSS software version 17 and descriptive statistics and if needed for the evaluation of significance, statistical T-test and chi- square test and even accurate test of Fisher were used.Results: In present study, the mean age of studied persons was 55.49 years with a standard deviation of 12.14 years (the minimum age of participants was 17 year and the maximum was 87 years). Of these patient’s, 184 persons (equal to 92%) were male and others were female. The number of wound infections was 3 (3%) in the antibiotic prophylaxis group and 6 (6%) in the placebo group (P=0.249).Conclusions: These results showed that the differences between the two groups are not statistically significant. Therefore, the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis for tension-free mesh hernioplasty, may not be necessary. For a definitive statement, study with a larger sample size would be necessary.

Aims and Background: Postoperative shivering after general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia is a common side effect. Besides, there are several medical methods to relieve shivering. Still on the issue of which method is most appropriate for patients after surgery, there is some controversy. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dexamethasone in reduction of post-operative shivering after elective surgery in the city of Ilam. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized double blind clinical trial on patients admitted for elective surgery to Imam Khomeini hospital during summer 1392, in Ilam. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 to 55 years, and ASA class 1 and 2 with no underlying disease. Otherwise, and in the case of patients’ dissatisfaction they were excluded from this study 60 patients of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups with a ratio of 1:1. An anesthesiologist injected placebo for the first group and 15 mc/kg Dexamethasone for the second one, after induction of anesthesia and before the incision. At the end of surgery, the frequency and the intensity of shivering among the two groups in the recovery room was examined by technicians who were unaware of the type of administered drug.Findings: In this study, 61.7% of patients were female. The most frequent degree of shivering intensity was grade 1 while grade 2 and 6 had the minimum frequency. There was no significant difference regarding gender and the type of drug administered (P value=0.79). Also no significant relationship between the type of surgery and the anti-shivering drug was found (P value=0.59).Conclusions: Our findings showed no significant difference regarding shivering control, between the Dexamethasone and the placebo groups.

Background and Aim: Placebo analgesia has not been investigated extensively in dental settings. Using scaling and root planning (SRP) as a model, this investigation aimed at evaluating the placebo analgesia during SRP.Materials and Methods: Patients participated in this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Having signed an informed consent form, and obtaining demographic characteristics, all the individuals filled a modified dental anxiety index questionnaire. Based on random blocks, 91 patients were given one placebo capsule 30 minutes before SRP as a potent pain killer, and 91 control subjects received SRP alone. Pain was recorded using a 10 centimeter VAS as well as a 5-point verbal Likert scale (VRS-5) during SRP for each sextant of dentition. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Mann-U-Whitney tests using SPSS software version19.Results: There was no statistical difference between placebo and control groups regarding anxiety, age, sex, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (P>0.05). VAS and VRS-5 scores were not statistically different between case and control subjects using Mann-Whitney test. Spearman rank test revealed a correlation between the two pain measuring methods (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the placebo medication is not capable of reducing pain during SRP.

Introduction: Asthma is one of acute respiratory diseases leading to emergency department (ED) referral. Management of acute attack plays an important role in its outcome. Objective: This trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized budesonide versus placebo in moderate to severe acute asthma attack in adults in the ED. Method: In this clinical trial, we enrolled patients with acute exacerbation of asthma and standard treatment of acute asthma attack was administered to all of them. 41 patients in our study were randomly entered into 2 groups. In one group, we prescribed nebulized budesonide and in the other group nebulized placebo (normal saline) was administered. Patients’ demographic data, vital signs, symptoms’ acuity and the time of symptom relief, patient and physician satisfaction were all recorded and compared between the 2 groups. All cases were followed and disease outcome, readmission, mortality and morbidity rates were documented. Results: In this study, 20 patients were entered the budesonide group and 19 patients were enrolled in the placebo group. The mean age ranges were 55. 70± 15. 30 and 60. 32± 18. 41 years old respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate and O2 saturation in the first group were improved significantly after the treatment in comparison to the second group (p<0. 05). The mean time of recovery and length of hospital stay were better in the first group than the second group but this difference was not significant (p>0. 05). Conclusion: The addition of nebulized budesonide to standard asthma treatment might result in more improvement in O2 saturation and less patient’ s distress.