The weather has a huge impact on human comfort conditions. In the traditional Iranian architecture, designers have always tried to use climatic principles in buildings and urban spaces in order to provide comfort conditions for building occupants and users. Paying attention to climatic design of building elements such as roofs, floors, windows and walls can increase the comfort quality. Bazaars are one of the urban spaces that always have been built in compliance with climatic conditions in Iran’s traditional architecture. It seems essential to provide thermal comfort in bazaars in order to create a comfortable environment essential for the economic growth of the city. In this research the thermal comfort of Bazaar-e-Vakil in Shiraz is investigated based on PPD and PMV methods. In the absence of thermal comfort terms, arrangements can be considered in different seasons, using a combination of active and passive ways to create better conditions of thermal comfort. In this experimental research, the data was collected and measured based on field study procedure. The results show that from the thermal comfort point of view, in winter the degree of physiological stress, is without cold stress and the thermal senility is in the comfort degree, and less than 15 percent of users are dissatisfied with the thermal conditions of the Bazaar.

1-Introduction: It is very important to study and identify climatic limitations and threats and know attractions and potentialities of climatic specifications nationwide during different seasons in order to consider them in planning of national, provincial and urban levels.

Background and Objective: As the level of people's expectations and their need to create comfort conditions in different environments becomes more and more noticeable, so the climate and environmental conditions, the inevitable psychological and physical impact on human comfort conditions have. Therefore, determining the range of thermal comfort for each climatic zone in different forms of construction seems necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify the range of thermal comfort of the interior of multi-story residential buildings using predictive indicators of average views and average real views. In this regard, the forthcoming research will answer the question: What is the neutral temperature in multi-story residential buildings in Shiraz in the hot season? Method: In this research, different research methods have been used according to its various aspects, but the implementation stages of the research were divided into two parts: "data collection and information" and "analysis". Data and information required for this present study, based on experimental and field methods, the two main methods of questionnaire and measurement of variables using environmental measuring devices (Lutron LM-8000A and Extech T30), Samples were collected from residential units and then the necessary rulings were issued with their analytical, inferential and classification descriptions. Findings: Most people in all studied spaces were feeling warm at ASHRAE scale. The air temperature of the interior spaces and predicted mean vote (PMV) of the comments as well as the actual mean vote (AMV) of the correlation coefficient are incremental and positive. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that outside temperature and neutral temperature have a special relationship in warm months and these results are minor differences with other global studies.

Many indices designed by researches for study of human-biometeorology and bioclimatology that today broadly using for assessing the relationships between the climate and tourism .Among the proposed indices, thermo- physiological indices as PET and PMV that derived from human energy balance models, important from others. To define of proper calendar for tourism in Tabriz we have used of thermal-physiology indexes. Conclusion of this study that was done with Ray Man Model show there are a lot of time limitation for tourism in Tabriz because of limited days of thermal comfort. With regard to concluded results of mentioned indexes, thermal comfort in Tabriz is not more than 45 days, While Period of Cold stress is more than 240 days and heat stress is about 80 days. Thus cold weather is the principal problem in regard to tourism climatology in Tabriz. It is necessary and vital for related organizations, trip tourism executors and voyager that have more notice to this critical subject.

Tourism in a global sphere is considered as a social-geographical subject affected by the climatic, environmental, cultural, economic and social factors. Good Conditions will be positively responded by tourists and their travel plans will be successful because of those conditions. Consequently, the tourists and the tourism organizations need the reliable information in the field of weather conditions.During the recent decades, many bioclimatic indexes and models have been presented through using them it can be assessed how comfortable the climate of a region will be.This research was carried out to study the tourism Climate Comfort of Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiyari province using PMV indicator. In this article, the monthly data of air temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and the amount of clouds in 8 stations for a statistical period of 24 years (1987-2010) were used.After performing the necessary procedures using Arc GIS 9.3 software, monthly maps with PMV model were prepared from cells in dimensions of 10×10 kilometers and were converted into data. Finally, the transformations of PMV indicator on any cell were calculated during the 24- years period using Man Kendal method and all points with increasing process were specified by a (+) symbol. Based on the obtained results of this study, it can be stated that in recent years the condition has improved as the Tourism Climate Comfort has gone up.

Inappropriate weather conditions such as severe hot or cold weather will affect both the body and the soul of every man and as a result his effectiveness and efficiency will be distorted. On the contrary, thermal comfort conditions will result in optimal conditions. The present study analyzed Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Predicted Mean View (PMV) from among the parameters of an average period of sixty years (1955-2015) in Hamdid station of Sabzevar. The parameters included temperature, average, the lowest temperature in a day, the average of the highest temperature in a day, dry weather temperature, steam pressure by Hectopascal, relative humidity, wind speed, and the cloudiness of the weather have been used. The results of this study showed that the period of thermal comfort in Sabzevar is very limited so that the period reaches its climax in autumn and spring from 35 to 40 days. However the hot weather lasts for 50 days from Tir to around the 20th of Mordad. The most important factor in Sabzevar as far as thermal comfort is regarded is the long and stressful cold period which lasts for about 190 days from the third decade of autumn to the second decade of Farvardin.

Throughout the past century, cities have lost their vital connection with the nature due to the fundamental changes in their functions and physical forms. The development of urbanization and attachment of villages to metropolises in recent years have led to destruction of vegetation in these regions. The importance of identifying the effects of cities on their climates can be indicated only through accurate research and quantitative assessment. The overall increase in air temperature as a result of urbanization is 1-3 degrees Celsius. In stable climatic conditions, however, the air temperature difference between urban and suburban areas can be as high as 10 degrees Celsius. Increasing the amount of vegetation, planting trees, and developing ecological networks are some of the effective passive methods available for improvement of microclimates. Similar methods have been used in the ancient cities of Iran, where the temperature inside the cities has always been lower than that of the surrounding areas due to the utilization of a special type of urban planning which has been capable of providing appropriate climatic conditions at micro scale by controlling climatic elements. Ozgol is one of the northern neighborhoods of Tehran, where green spaces have diminished as a result of the development process and space quality at the centralized focal points has decreased. This study attempted to identify the relationship between green areas and temperature decrease on the hottest day of the year to help improve the quality of the public spaces and increase thermal comfort at the focal points of the neighborhood. This research used a hybrid methodology based on logical reasoning and software-assisted assessment to study a site in the Ozgol neighborhood under two conditions: current status and optimal design. The data on the current situation of the neighborhood were obtained by field measurements, and those on the latter situation were obtained via computer simulation and addition of plants to the area. Then, the PMV model was used for assessment of the comfort conditions and specification of the exact effect of plants on microclimate elements. The two conditions were compared, and the impact of urban design with plants on environment quality was evaluated. The evaluation criteria included temperature and relative humidity. The measurements were made at a height of 1. 65 meters to prioritize pedestrian comfort. The findings suggested that allocation of a low percentage of city space to greenery can greatly improve microclimatic conditions. The computations indicated that every square meter of green space added to the area under study would expand the comfort zone by 3. 71 times. The results also demonstrated that retention of the amount of relative humidity can reduce air temperature by 1. 5-2 degrees Celsius. The findings of this study highlighted the significance of preserving the current green spaces over the neighborhood and the necessity of avoiding any change in the land use of the remaining gardens (about 6, 000 m2 in the 4-hectare area of the site). The computations also showed that addition of the existing green spaces over the area by 2. 69% can expand the area within the range of thermal comfort to twice as wide as the pre-intervention area. One the other hand, the issue of global warming, the 1-degree rise in the world’ s temperature during the past century, highlights the value and significance of this 1. 5-degree temperature decrease. Thus, it is possible to make significant changes through extension of the results of this study to a larger scale to involve the entire city.