Background: Genetic factors play an important role in women fertility and embryonic development which may contribute to the efficacy of assisted reproduction techniques. Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg) His447His polymorphism on oocytes and fertilization in women undergoing IVF. Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 98 IVF patients referred to Tabriz Alzahra Hospital. Samples were analyzed for the PPARg gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods. Multivariate analyses were used to test the independence of associations between the number of mature oocytes and the number of oocytes fertilized as outcome variables and polymorphism of PPARg gene. Findings:Correlation analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between the age of women and the number of mature oocytes retrieved (r=-0.37, P=0.001) and oocytes fertilizaed (r=-0.25, P=0.015). The ratio of the number of mature oocytes to oocytes fertilizaed was significantly (P<0.05) increased in carriers of the rare alleles than homozygous wild-type genotypes. The association of His447His polymorphism (P=0.003) remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding factors in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion:This study presents evidences that the His447His polymorphism of PPARg plays an important independent role in fertilization in vitro and thus possibly in female fertility.

Objective: Human embryonic stem cells, unlike mouse embryonic stem cells, are vulnerable to cell death upon dissociation. This apoptosis is dueto the activation of Rho/Rhock signaling pathway, which results in cytoskeletal phosphorylation due to myosin activation. E-cadherin is one of cytoskeleton elements that will be decreased after Rho/Rhock pathway activation. In this study we evaluate the effects of hESCs dissociation and so Rho/Rhock pathway activation on PPARγ expression in comparison with vital genes involved in colony formation like E-cadherin.Materials and Methods: Expression level analysis of PPARγ after dissociating ESCs was performed by Real times PCR. To assess whether Rho/Rhock pathway effects on PPARγ is direct or not, co-transfection of two elements of this pathway (RhoA and PIP5K) with PPARγ was performed in CHO cell line and PPARγ expression was analyzed in RNA and protein levels by Real times PCR and western blotting.Results: PPARγ expression was reduced in dissociated hESCs the same as E-cadherin. Rho\Rock signaling cascade elements have direct effect on reducing of PPARγ expression.Conclusion: Our results showed that PPARγ, the same as vital genes involving in cytoskeletal structures, is directly vulnerable to Rho/Rock signaling pathway activation, which is due to dissociating hESCs.