Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the effects of Paracetamol and ibuprofen on pain, bleeding, nausea, and vomiting following adenotonsillectomy in children. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Block randomization was used to assign 50 patients to two groups of Paracetamol and ibuprofen. In the Paracetamol group, subjects received 15 mg/kg oral Paracetamol 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia, followed by the same dosage every 6 hours postoperatively. Meanwhile, the ibuprofen-treated group took 10 mg/kg oral ibuprofen 30 minutes before and every 6 hours after the operation. The subjects in both groups received the medication for three postoperative days. The postoperative pain score was assessed 6 hours after the surgery and during the second and the third postoperative days. Nausea and vomiting episodes were recorded in the first postoperative day and first postoperative week. Results: Based on the results, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in both groups was not significantly different. The mean score of pain in the first postoperative day (6 hours after the surgery) and the second and the third postoperative days did not show any statistical difference. The ibuprofen group experienced fewer vomiting episodes, compared to the Paracetamol group during the first postoperative day (P=0. 011). Vomiting episodes in the first postoperative week did not illustrate any significant difference. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, Ibuprofen had the same effect on the alleviation of postoperative pain, caused fewer vomiting episodes, and did not cause excessive bleeding as an NSAID. Therefore, oral administration of ibuprofen is suggested for pain relief and management of other complications following adenotonsillectomy in children.

Background: Standard medical treatments for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure are, including indomethacin/ibuprofen and surgical ligation. Nowadays, a new strategy to close PDA is the use of Paracetamol. The present study aimed to describe the use of intravenous (IV) Paracetamol for PDA closure in neonates who present a contraindication to ibuprofen or ibuprofen failure with no possibility to perform surgical ligation due to major instability. Methods: The present study was conducted from January to December 2017 in the neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital and Harapan Bunda Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, on neonates with hemodynamic significant PDA (hsPDA). All the subjects received IV Paracetamol (15 mg/kg every 6 h) for 3 days. Thereafter, the ductus was evaluated by echocardiography on the 5th day after the regiment. Results: A total of 72 neonates were diagnosed with hsPDA and their average of gestational age was 34. 26 weeks and their average of birth weight was 1945. 69 g for 39 (54. 2%) female neonates, 33 (45. 8%) male neonates, 45 (62. 5%) premature infants, and 27 (37. 5%) full-term infants. About 26 (36. 1%) infants had a closed PDAs on the 5th days of evaluation, 11 (15. 3%) infants had regiment twice for closed PDA at the 10th days of evaluation, and 35 (48. 6%) neonates had more closed PDA after three or four regiments. Successful closure with Paracetamol was achieved in 51(70. 8%) neonates, while 21 (29. 2%) neonates failed the PDA closure. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, IV Paracetamol appears to be reasonably effective for PDA closure in both preterm and term infants. This should be the first-line of therapy choice when there are contraindications for the treatment with ibuprofen.

Background: Although opioids are the main choice for acute postoperative pain control, many side effects have been reported for them. NSAIDs and Paracetamol have been used extensively as alternatives, and it seems that they are more effective for minor to moderate pain control postoperatively when have been used alone or in combination with opioids. As laparoscopic cholecystectomy poses moderate pain postoperatively, this study was planned to assess whether Paracetamol is able to provide effective analgesia as a sole analgesic at least in the first few hours post operatively.Objectives: We evaluated the effect of intravenous Paracetamol on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Patients and Methods: This is a randomized double- blind clinical trial study. 30 patients ASA class I, aged 18 to 50 years, candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited, and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (Paracetamol group) received 1 gr Paracetamol and group B received placebo ten minutes after the induction of anesthesia. 0.1 mg/Kg Morphine was administered intravenously based on patients compliant and pain score>3. Pain score and the opioids consumption were recorded in the first six hours postoperative. Patient's pain was measured by the VAS (Visual Analog Scale).Results: The pain score was lower in group A (P= 0.01), but the morphine consumption showed no significant difference between the groups (P= 0.24) during the first 6 hours postoperatively.Conclusions: Although Paracetamol (1gr) has caused a better pain relief quality but it is not a suitable analgesic for moderate pain control in acute phase after surgery alone.

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity that leads to liver failure in both humans and experimental animals. The present study investigates the protective effect of honey against Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. We have used silymarin as a standard reference hepatoprotective drug.METHODS: Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by measuring biochemical parameters such as the liver function enzymes, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Equally, comparative effects of honey on oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdyhyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also evaluated in the rat liver homogenates. We estimated the effect of honey on serum levels and hepatic content of interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) because the initial event in Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity has been shown to be a toxic-metabolic injury that leads to hepatocyte death, activation of the innate immune response and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines.RESULTS: Paracetamol caused marked liver damage as noted by significant increased activities of serum AST and ALT as well as the level of Il-1b. Paracetamol also resulted in a significant decrease in liver GSH content and GPx activity which paralleled an increase in Il-1β and MDA levels. Pretreatment with honey and silymarin prior to the administration of Paracetamol significantly prevented the increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers, and reduced both oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological evaluation of the livers also revealed that honey reduced the incidence of Paracetamol-induced liver lesions.CONCLUSION: Honey can be used as an effective hepatoprotective agent against Paracetamol-induced liver damage.

Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic with high efficacy and minimal side effects, making it a preferred choice for patients with stomach ulcers or internal bleeding. This study investigates the electrooxidation of Paracetamol using advanced electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Key parameters were optimized to enhance oxidation current, lower oxidation potential, and mitigate interference from competing species. Voltammetric analysis demonstrated that Paracetamol significantly influences electrochemical responses, particularly on graphene-based electrodes, highlighting its strong redox activity. Complementary quantum chemical analyses—density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM)—were employed to elucidate Paracetamol’s electronic and vibrational properties. Furthermore, the effects of an external electric field on intramolecular charge and energy transfer were examined to assess its potential for targeted drug delivery. Molecular simulations revealed that the electronic and vibrational behavior of Paracetamol is highly sensitive to the magnitude and orientation of the applied field. These findings provide deeper insights into Paracetamol’s redox mechanisms and its interactions under electrochemical and field-induced conditions, paving the way for optimized drug formulations and delivery systems.

Paracetamol is a widely available over-the-counter analgesic, which is frequently taken in overdose. It has some prostaglandin synthesis inhibitory actions. In overdose NSAIDs, which also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, can cause dose-dependent hypokalaemia, increase fractional excretion of potassium and sodium retention due to renal vasoconstriction. Therapeutic doses of Paracetamol have no effect on potassium levels or excretion. The aim of this study was to study electrolyte changes in patients with Paracetamol overdose. The study was retrospective, conducted on 60 patients with Paracetamol overdose aged 16-65y admitted to the toxicology ward of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh from 2000-2003. We excluded the effect of other drugs known to be nephrotoxic by history. The hospital laboratory system was used to extract biochemistry results taken at admission (4-6 hours after ingestion), and again approximately 18 hours later. Changes in electrolytes were correlated to admission Paracetamol levels. The results showed a significant negative correlation between admission Paracetamol level (4-6 hr level) and fall in serum potassium: serum K+ change (y= –0.0021x + 0.0051, r2 = 0.19, P< 0.01). There was no change in serum sodium or creatinine. The mean fall in serum K+ in the quartile with highest Paracetamol concentrations (mean 256 mg/l) was –0.65 ± 0.16 mmol/l. In conclusion, Paracetamol overdose is associated with hypokalaemia in proportion to the dose ingested, suggesting a specific renal effect of Paracetamol in overdose. These findings could be consistent with increasing aldosterone action on the distal tubules as renal perfusion falls due to Paracetamol-induced renal vasoconstriction.