Ag/CuO/ZnO trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) were synthesized using a modified Pechini sol-gel method. Copper nitrate, zinc nitrate, and silver nitrate served as the starting materials, while citric acid and ethylene glycol acted as fuels. The resulting TMNPs were analysed using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurement, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of pure TMNPs, with particle sizes ranging from 14 nm to 31 nm. DLS and zeta potential measurements indicated that the TMNPs are significantly stable and moderately poly-dispersed. SEM-EDX analysis verified the presence of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O) elements in the nanoparticles. TEM images revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 7 nm to 35 nm. The result demonstrated a successful synthesis of stable, spherical and finer size trimetallic nanoparticles using a sol-gel method.

Lanthanum in the A-site of LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3±δ perovskite was partially substituted by silver. La1-xAgxMn0.8Cu0.2O3 samples (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared by the two Pechini and sol–gel methods and their catalytic activity was evaluated for CH4 combustion and CO oxidation reactions. FT-IR analysis of different samples before calcination confirmed the formation of different complexes between the elements. Calcined samples were characterized using XRD, TPR, BET, SEM and XRF techniques. XRD results revealed that the Pechini method led to perovskite structures with higher purity and that segregation of Ag in samples prepared by the sol–gel method was higher. SEM images and EDS results for samples before and after catalytic tests showed that the Pechini samples had a lower particle size and better distribution of the elements. The catalytic results indicate that the oxidation activity increased with the amount of Ag in the oxide, but the stability of the structure decreased.

Na super ionic conductive (NASICON) materials are ceramics with three-dimensional scaffolds. In this study, Li1. 4Al0. 4Ti1. 6(PO4)3 with NASICON structure was synthesized by Pechini method. As a result, a sample having a total conduction of 1. 18×10-3 S cm-1 was attained. In addition, various parameters were studied to obtain high value of conductivity, by optimizing the process. The optimization was made using L16 Taguchi based orthogonal array, followed by ANOM, ANOVA and stepwise regression. As a result, the optimum synthesis parameters can be obtained, while pH of the solution was adjusted to 7. The ratio between the concentration of citric acid to metal ions and ethylene glycol concentration stuck to 1 and 2. 5, respectively. The best heat treatment can be carried out with a combination of pyrolysis at 600 º C and sintering at 1000 º C.

Nickel titanium oxide (NiTiO3) nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperature in non aqueous medium by modified Pechini method using ethylene glycol and citric acid as polymeric precursors. The structural and morphological characteristics of the products were studied by X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). XRD patterns of powder revealed crystalline rhombohedral NiTiO3 obtained at 700 o C and this crystalinity increased with temperature. SEM images estimated that the grain sizes of NiTiO3 to be in the range 10– 250 nm. DRS spectra reveal two peaks, one at around 440-450 nm and another one at around 740-750 nm. The band gap energy was calculated using Tauc plot and it was found to be 1. 67 eV. In this study, photocatalytic properties of NiTiO3 on sulfamethoxazole drug degradation was investigated which has not been reported elsewhere and results shows that it is a prominent material for photodegradation of drug in the range of visible light.

The performance of LaMnxNi1-xO3± δ perovskite mixed oxides (x = 0, 0. 1, 0. 3, 0. 5, 0. 7, 0. 9, 1) which were prepared by different methods, the Pechini and sol-gel methods in the oxidation of greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO, has been investigated. All samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. The results showed that Pechini samples are more active and stable than the sol-gel samples. The partially substituted Ni samples exhibited higher catalytic performance as compared to the LaMnO3 due to the structural defects. But, the high substitution of Ni gradually deforms the structure to rhombohedra, decreases surface area and reduces the number of active Mn sites. Therefore, the catalytic performance passes through a maximum with respect to Ni content. LaMn0. 3Ni0. 7O3± δ prepared by the Pechini method is more active than others in the oxidation of CH4 and CO.