Phthalates are synthetic plasticizers widely used in plastics and other common consumer products, such as food packaging, toys, cosmetics, clothing, and biomedical devices. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most common phthalates. DEHP is not covalently bound to polymers in plastic. Thus, it leaches out of products and gets into the environment, making it a wide spread environmental contaminant. Humans are exposed to DEHP predominantly via contaminated food or beverages. The human toxicity of DEHP continues to be a subject of intense debate between public health advocates, researchers and the industry because there are essentially no studies on the health effects of DEHP in humans. Once DEHP gets into the gastrointestinal tract, it is quickly absorbed to blood. In this study fluorescence spectroscopic method is used to examine the effect of different concentrations of DEHP on insulin. Results show that the tertiary structure of insulin was changed by increasing the DEHP concentration. It can be concluded that DEHP may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus due to inducing conformational changes in insulin and may increase the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) generation.

In this research a reactive energetic plasticizer (REP) was synthesized that contain an activated terminal alkyne group and expected to give rise to azide-alkyne 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, and prevents the migration of plasticizer to the external surface of polymers. This plasticizer contains an energetic group (ONO2) and increase energetic performance and oxygen balance. Propargyl Terminated Poly Glycidyl Nitrate (PTPGN)) was synthesized and characterized by DSC, GPC, FTIR and 1HNMR. The result of GPC showed that the Mn is about 731 g/mol. The plasticizer has oligomeric structure. DSC thermogram showed that the glass transition temperature is-66. 50C. This plasticizer degraded at 170° C and it´ s degradation take place in two stages.

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are an alternative for ionic liquids (ILs). These solvents are biodegradable, non-or low-toxic compounds that obtained via simple and convenient way. They are usually prepared by complexing of a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), forming a deep eutectic mixture, in such a way that the melting point of the mixture is much lower than the melting points of each component. The recent discovery of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) has accelerated their use as an alternative to conventional organic solvents, which are inherently toxic and highly volatile. Polysaccharides are the most abundant natural polymers and are considered as prospective starting resources for the production of green materials and replacement of non-biodegradable plastics. However, films made from pure polysaccharides are usually brittle and demonstrate poor mechanical properties, that limit their use. This has led to to the development of polysaccharide-based materials modified either chemically or by the addition of reinforcing fillers and plasticizers. To date, NADES have been used not only in the extraction, separation or purification of some specific biopolymers, but also as components of polysaccharide-based materials, e. g. plasticizers, compatibilizers or modifiers. NADESs are used as plasticizer, mainly for starch films, however it is also used for cellulose derivatives, chitosan, agar and agarose. In this paper, the potential application of NADES as green, inexpensive and sustainable plasticizers in the production of natural polymer films is reviewed.

With environmental and toxicity concerns becoming more critical, there are increasing efforts to remove phthalates from polymer compounds around the globe more rapidly. Phthalates can be replaced by natural products; in particular, those obtained from vegetable oils and fats. In the present study, a natural-based plasticizer, synthesized by epoxidation of non-toxic rice bran oil (RBO) with peroxy acid generated in situ has been added to poly (vinyl chloride). The influence of various reaction parameters on epoxidation was studied by investigating the reaction ratio, temperature, reaction time and stirring speed. Epoxidized rice bran oil (ERBO) obtained from an optimized reaction condition was analyzed by iodine number and oxirane content. FTIR was used to analyze epoxy group formation. Product ERBO was obtained with 82 % oxirane conversion within 3 h of reaction period. PVC sheets were formulated using a conventional plasticizer di-(octyl) phthalate and was partially replaced by synthesized ERBO. The effect of ERBO addition was tested by mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, elongation-at-break, shore D hardness) and compared with commercially available ESBO (epoxidized soybean oil). ERBO presented fairly good incorporation and plasticizing performance, as demonstrated by the results of mechanical properties, exudation, migration tests, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, T g values as shown by differential scanning calorimetry, replacing about 60 % of the total plasticizer.

Film coating solutions containing different grades of HPMC (E5, E15 and E50) with and without polyethylene glycol (with various molecular weights) were examined by an oscillatory method, using Haake CV 100 rheometer. Fundamental rheological parameters (h, G’ and G”) were measured over the frequency range from 0.04 to 2 Hz. The variation with frequency of the loss tangent (a ratio of viscous to elastic contribution) provides a useful parameter for the characterization of pharmaceutical products. Magnitudes of the loss tangent are discussed with relation to coating solutions made by different grades of polymers and plasticizers.

A bio-based plasticizer, epoxidized acetylation cardanol, was synthesized from cardanol, which experienced acetylation reaction and epoxidation reaction. Chemical structure of epoxidized acetylation cardanol was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Plasticized PVC films (PVC-P) were prepared by casting method with 40%wt of epoxidized acetylation cardanol as plastizier. Thermal stability and plasticizing effect of PVC and PVC-P were investigated. The results presented that epoxidized acetylation cardanol enhanced the thermal stability of PVC-P and decreased glass transition temperature (Tg) from 81. 9° C to 1. 6° C. The tensile strength decreased from 26. 60 MPa to 8. 06 MPa, the elongation at break increased from 167. 21 % to 905. 44%. All of the results indicated that epoxidized acetylation cardanol could be used as main plasticizer for preparing flexible PVC materials.

Biodegradable blends of potato starch and polyvinyl alcohol were prepared by solution casting method. Citric acid was employed to introduce the plasticizing effect into the starch materials. Glutaraldehyde as cross-linker was used to enhance the properties of the blend films. Cross-linking is a common method to improve the strength and stability of starch products. The effects of citric acid and glutaraldehyde on the mechanical properties, thermal properties and swelling degree were investigated. The prepared films were measured for their antibacterial activities and biodegradability. The blend samples were characterized by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR analysis techniques. From the mechanical properties study, it was analyzed that the blend films showed improvement in their tensile strength after cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The SEM micrographs indicated that the blend films were smooth without any cracks, pores and were well cross-linked. The TGA curves showed that there was an increase in the thermal stability of the blend films after cross-linking as compared to uncross-linked blend films. The prepared films showed good antibacterial properties against Gam-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biodegradability of the blends was determined by placing the samples in compost soil for different time intervals and were found to be biodegradable in nature.