Monolithic aerogels of high molecular weight polyethylene (Mw=3×106- 6×106 g/mol) have been prepared by solvent extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide from thermoreversible gels prepared in decalin. These low density and highly porous aerogels present an apparent Porosity up to 90%. The aerogel morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is characterized by spherulitic structures being interconnected by fibers. The X-ray diffraction experiments show that PE aerogels are highly crystalline with a degree of crystallinity of c.a.80% and PE chains being packed into the typical orthorombic unit cell. The combined SEM and N2 sorption investigations show that PE aerogels are essentially macroporous with a small amount of mesopores. The oil-sorption performance of polyethylene aerogels has been also evaluated in this study in order to assess a possible use of these materials for oil spillage recovery and results show that aerogel macropores allow a very fast sorption kinetics with a 100% oil weight uptake obtained in less than 1 min.

Natural ventilation is one of the most essential issues in the concept of high-performance architecture. The Porosity has a lot to do with wind-phil architecture to meet high efficiency in integrated architectural design and materialization a high-performance building. Natural ventilation performance in porous buildings is influenced by a wide range of interrelated factors including terrace depth, Porosity distribution pattern, Porosity ratio, continuity or interruption of the voids and, etc. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of Porosity distribution pattern on natural ventilation performance in a mid-rise building. One solid block and six porous residential models based on unit, row and combined relocation modules with different terrace depths (TD = 1. 2, 1. 5 m) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The evaluations are based on grid sensitivity analysis and a validation of wind tunnel measurements. Investigations indicated that introducing the velocity into a solid block would enhance the building natural ventilation performance up to 64 percent compared to the solid case. However, it is demonstrated through simulations that the Porosity distribution pattern as an architectural configuration has a significant effect on ventilation efficiency. Unit-Relocation models (U-RL) have approximately 1. 64 times the mean airflow of the solid block, 1. 1 times of Row-Relocation (R-RL) and 1. 22 times of Combined-Relocation models (CO-RL). U-RL models are also able to achieve approximately 1. 26 times the maximum air velocity inside the blocks compared to the solid case. This value is about 1. 05 times of R-RL cases and 1. 1 times of CO-RL cases. The results clearly indicated that Porosity distribution pattern is a factor that could be modified by architects to fulfill most of architectural and environmental requirements.

A dynamic two dimensional problem of thermoelasticity with double porous structure has been considered to investigate the disturbance due to normal force and thermal source. Laplace and Fourier transform technique is applied to the governing equations to solve the problem. The transformed components of stress and temperature distribution are obtained. The resulting expressions are obtained in the physical domain by using numerical inversion technique. Numerically computed results for these quantities are depicted graphically to study the effect of Porosity. Results of Kumar & Rani [42] and Kumar & Ailawalia [43] have also been deduced as special cases from the present investigation.

Steel fibres have gained popularity in recent decades for use in concrete at relatively low volume fractions. They are mainly used to enhance toughness, flexural strength and resistance to shrinkage-induced cracking. However, little information is available about the effects of fibers on permeability and Porosity, which play an important role in long –term durability of concrete materials. This paper presents the results of an experimental study that was carried out to examine The influences of steel fiber addition on the permeability and Porosity of a concrete prepared mainly from local materials. The test results are discussed in this paper, the interpretation of the test results is reported as well as conclusions regarding the effects of steel fibers on the Water and gas permeability of concrete.      

Persian Medicine (PM) is a holistic medical system with a unique theoretical base and practical knowledge. Considering its different paradigm and background philosophy compared to conventional medicine, understanding its fundamental principles is necessary for more accurate and efficient clinical practice. One of its fundamental theories is the concept of “, Takhalkhol (Porosity) and Takasof (condensity)”,which has a significant impact on medical practice. This critical issue has been investigated in recent studies to evaluate the density of the body organs as a diagnostic tool. Despite its importance, no distinct section of the leading Persian Medicine sources has been dedicated to elaborating this basic concept. In this study, we have presented this crucial concept based on PM sources and current literature to reveal its clinical relevance in the realm of its clinical relevance in diagnosis and disease management. The relation between Porosity and condensity and other issues such as body composition, Mizaj (temperament), and nutrition has been discussed.