Background: Prenatal hydronephrosis (PNH) is dilation in urinary collecting system and is the most frequent neonatal urinary tract abnormality with an incidence of 1% to 5% of all pregnancies. PNH is defined as anteroposterior diameter (APD) of renal pelvis ≥ 4 mm at gestational age (GA) of<33 weeks and APD ≥ 7 mm at GA of ≥ 33 weeks to 2 months after birth. All patients need to be evaluated after birth by Postnatal renal ultrasonography (US). In the vast majority of cases, watchful waiting is the only thing to do; others need medical or surgical therapy.Objectives: There is a direct relationship between APD of renal pelvis and outcome of PNH. Therefore we were to find the best cutoff point APD of renal pelvis which leads to surgical outcome.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study we followed 200 patients 1 to 60 days old with diagnosis of PNH based on before or after birth ultrasonography; as a prenatal or Postnatal detected, respectively. These patients were referred to the nephrology clinic in Zahedan Iran during 2011 to 2013. The first step of investigation was a Postnatal renal US, by the same expert radiologist and classifying the patients into 3 groups; normal, mild/moderate and severe. The second step was to perform voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) for mild/moderate to severe cases at 4 - 6 weeks of life. Tc-diethylene triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) was the last step and for those with normal VCUG who did not show improvement in follow-up examination, US to evaluate obstruction and renal function. Finally all patients with mild/moderate to severe PNH received conservative therapy and surgery was preserved only for progressive cases, obstruction or renal function ≤35%. All patients’ data and radiologic information was recorded in separate data forms, and then analyzed by SPSS (version 22).Results: 200 screened PNH patients with male to female ratio 3.5: 1 underwent first Postnatal control US, of whom 65% had normal, 18% mild/moderate and 17% severe hydronephrosis.167 patients had VCUG of whom 20.82% with VUR.112 patients performed DTPA with following results: 50 patients had obstruction and 62 patients showed no obstructive finding. Finally 54% of 200 patients recovered by conservative therapy, 12.5% by surgery and remaining improved without any surgical intervention.Conclusions: The best cutoff point of anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter that led to surgery was 15 mm, with sensitivity 88% and specificity 74%.

Background: Despite the importance of the Postnatal consultation, in Morocco, only 22% of women attended these consultations. The aim of this study was to identify associated factors with these consultations and offer suggestions to improve their use.Methods: This study was conducted in 2014 in Marrakech. A sample of women in reproductive age (15-49 yr) giving birth during 2013 year was enrolled. They were examined in the public health centers for Postnatal consultation or for the BCG. A descriptive and analytic cross-sectional survey was conducted. All participants (n=1029) provided consent before participating in the survey. A questionnaire makes it possible to collect information about socio-demographic, knowledge and perception of women regarding these consultations.Results: The proportion of women who attended a Postnatal consultation was 30.1%. Lack of information (87%), lack of complications (68.6%); health professional poor reception (42%) and financial difficulties (3.3%) were the main reasons that hinder these consultations. In addition, women of rural origin, low education level, and low socioeconom-ic status are important determinants associated with non-use of Postnatal consultation.Conclusion: This study confirmed the low rate of these consultations. Various determinants explain this fact. The fight against illiteracy, improving household living standards, sensitization of women on the importance of postpartum care, awareness and capacity building of health professionals in the Postnatal consultation and communication, and the development of a system of home visits for non-users of Postnatal care allow improving the Postnatal consultation rate.

Introduction: 99% of 4million neonatal mortality occur in developing countries every year. Mortality rate of newborns accounts for 18.3 per 1000 live birth that comprised 69% of IMR and 56% of Under 5 mortality in IRAN. A Comparison of statistical trend between infant and newborn rate from 1988 to 2001 revealed a considerable decrease in IMR but slightly decrease in NMR. training Postnatal mothers and Preventing neonatal mortality rate is effective. This study has been carried out for assessing the Knowledge regarding to neonatal care among Postnatal mothers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, from target population of mothers of referral neonates into Ravar/Kerman medical health center. A sample was chosen with convenient sampling method. Then a questionnaire consisting of questions regarding to assessing generalized surveillance during neonatal and Icter period and Umbilical cord surveillance were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19. T test and ANOVA were used for analyzing the relationship.Results: 316 mothers with mean age of 25.87 were studied.8.2% of mothers had poor knowledge, 78.5% moderate and 13.3% had good knowledge. Also urban mothers less than 24 year of age with 2 or 3 children and higher level of education obtained significantly higher knowledge score.Conclusion: The results showed that Knowledge levels of 78.5% of mothers were moderate. So it is imperative to provide comprehensive training in the field of newborn and infant care for mothers.