Behavioral factors always play an important role in financial markets. All investors are not rational and their demand for riskiness of assets is influenced by their beliefs and feelings. Optimism, pessimism, self-confidence, ambiguity-aversion, etc. help changing the manner of decision-making process over time. So, this study aimed at investigating the role of accounting information on investors’ ambiguity-aversion in economic environment of Iran. For this purpose, information about 120 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2017 was collected and analyzed. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the data. The results show that earnings announcement Premium for companies with high level of ambiguity, is more than for companies with low level of ambiguity. As a result, investors respond asymmetrically to good and bad news, and this asymmetry decreases with increasing of ambiguity level.

Purpose: To present potential benefits as well as limitations of Premium intraocular lens (IOL) use, and provide insight in future of Premium cataract surgery. Methods: Bibliographic research was performed in PubMed/Medline database, and the most recently updated papers were evaluated. Keywords used were: Premium intraocular lens, multifocal intraocular lens, toric intraocular lens, toric multifocal intraocular lens, accommodative intraocular lens, and the respective brand names. Results: Multifocal IOLs provide uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 0. 03 logMAR in 82. 3%e95. 7% of patients and overall spectacle independence in 81%e85% of patients. Toric IOLs provide UDVA of 0. 3 logMAR in 70%e95% of patients, residual astigmatism of 1 D or less is noted in 67%e88% of patients, and spectacle independence is reported in 60%e85% of patients. Toric multifocal IOLs provide UDVA of 0. 3 logMAR in 92%e97% of patients, and spectacle independence is reported in 79%e90% of patients. Accommodative IOLs represent intensively developing field in ophthalmology, and the results are still variable depending on the IOL model. Conclusions: Premium IOL technology and advanced surgical techniques have significantly improved postoperative visual outcomes. Future developments will potentiate development of new Premium IOL designs that will provide spectacle independence and excellent visual outcomes after cataract surgery.