Introduction: Unlike acute otitis media, which is a systemic and symptomatic disease with severe Otalgia, otitis media with effusion is an asymptomatic and silent disease. OME is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss and has adverse effects on speech development and cognitive skills. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the Prevalence of OME in 1001three-six-year- old children in different kindergartens of Kerman, who were evaluated by multistage randomized sampling. They were examined by otoscopy and pneumatic otoscopy; then, suspicious cases were referred to the Kerman Shafa Hospital for tympanometry and acoustic re-ex for further confirmation. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Results: Of a total of 1001 patients, OME was diagnosed in 57 children (5/7%). More than 50% of the children were asymptomatic. Among the symptoms, periodic ear pain and turning up the volume of TV were more common. Discussion: With improved knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of OME, especially in younger children, hearing problems or cognitive and linguistic skills retardation may be avoided by general information.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in many countries in Asia. Fars province in the south of Iran is an area with endemic CL. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate CL’s lifetime and point Prevalence in the Fars province’s general population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 11779 participants living in Marvdasht, the second largest county of Fars province, Iran, in 2019 to estimate CL’s lifetime and point Prevalence. In total, 59 urban and 55 rural clusters (with 30 households per cluster) were randomly selected. Door-to-door interviews were conducted by trained nurses to collect the required data. Results: The point Prevalence was estimated at 3. 56 (95% confidence interval: 2. 6-4. 8) per 1000 population. The lifetime Prevalence of CL was 8. 48 (95% confidence interval: 7. 99-9. 00) per 100 population. There was no difference between urban and rural areas and gender regarding fresh or old scars, and CL scares (P ≤ 0. 05 for all). Conclusions: Based on the results, Marvdasht in Fars province was the hyperendemic area for CL. Since the lifetime Prevalence of CL in Marvdasht is almost 8%, 89% of the people of this city are at risk of contracting Leishmania. As a result, more public health interventions are needed to control the CL epidemic in Marvdasht.

Congenital malformation (CM) will begin to emerge as one of the major childhood health problems Treatment and rehabilitation of children with congenital malformations are costly and complete recovery is usually impossible. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of CM in Yazd central city of the Islamic Republic of Iran to find out if there has been any difference in the rate and types of CM in this area. This descriptive-observational study carried on 4800 births delivered at all maternity hospitals in Yazd from October 2003 to June 2004. Prevalence of CM was 2.83% (2.86 % in male and 2.68 % in female) out of the 136 cases 69(51.88%) were males and 64 (48.12%) were females and 3 with ambiguous genitalia. Positive family history of CM in sibling was in only 6 cases (4.41%).Overall, musculoskeletal (0.83%), central nervous system (0.47%) and genital system (0.37%) were accounted as the most common. Frequency of CM was more seen in still birth (12.5%) as in comparison to live birth (2.71%). There was not statistical difference between Prevalence of CM and neonatal’s gender, gestational age, birth order and mother’s age, drug ingestion, illness and parental consanguinity. In this study the overall Prevalence of congenital malformation among the newborn was higher than those previous reported in Iran and determining the causes of this difference needs more extensive studies.

Background & Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy which is caused due to insulin resistance and carries several risks for the mother and neonate. So, an updated data from its Prevalence in different geographical areas is important. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on pregnant women referring health centers in Qom city from June 2013 to September 2014 for prenatal care. In week 10 of pregnancy, fasting blood sugar (FBS) was checked for all participants and those who had FBS >126mg/dL for 2 times were excluded from the study and all participants who remained in the study underwent oral glucose tolerance test with 75 gr glucose at 24-28weeks of gestation. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed on the basis of at least one abnormal responses of glucose≥ 92mg/dL, 1-hour glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL or 2-hour glucose ≥ 153mg/dL. Results: A total of 4988 pregnant women enrolled the study. Based on 75g oral glucose tolerance (OGT) test results at 24-28 weeks of gestation, 1036 women (20. 76%) had gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes was significantly associated with maternal age, body mass index, history of gestational diabetes, a family history of type II diabetes in first-degree relatives, history of preterm labor, known hypothyroidism before pregnancy and history of macrosomia. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes has a high Prevalence in Qom city, and it seems that new studies are needed to determine its Prevalence in other regions.