Printing technology is known as one of the most suitable methods for adding electrical functionalities to textiles and inkjet method because of advantages such as low cost, availability, flexibility, … is a special method amongst all available Printing techniques. This is the objective of this research to employ the novel method of using reactive inks in order to react with each other after being jetted onto the substrate for fabrication of simple electric circuit components. In this method, dilute solution of silver salt and a reducing solution are subsequently printed on each substrate. Oxidation-Reduction reaction between two inks deposits metallic silver nanoparticles by in situ reduction of silver salt forming an electrically conductive surface. The best reducing agent for inkjet deposition of silver was found to be ascorbic acid at normal pH. Conductive lines and patterns were fabricated on paper, plastic films and textile fabrics using the above technique and the effect of different parameters on their final conductivity were investigated and tried to gain the highest possible conductivities on each substrate. Based on our observations and results; inkjet technology posses very high potential for fabrication of silver nanoparticles containing patterns with conductivities up to 5x105 S/m for use as circuitry components.

The 3D Printing technique is a 3D fabricating technique, which involves numerous working operations and manufacturing techniques. Nowadays, the technique is mostly used in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. This is not very new while the seed of this technique originated in the 1980s. The article contains background, historical development, types, global market, and examples of 3D-printed marketed preparations. This paper gives a focus in particular on 3D Printing in capsules. In 3D Printing, capsules will be a defining moment in capsule development and capsule applications for customized and personalized medications.

This article deals with the importance and advantages of Printing the facsimiles of manuscripts. By citing from certain manuscript texts, attempts are made to study such advantages, particularly, in connection with the lexicology of those texts, identification of images therein, and their artistic significance, and the importance of the availability to researchers of (the pictures of) their original. There will, then, be mentioned a number of pathological instances of the Printings of those texts and the necessity of reassessing them before publication as well as the priorities to be considered in publishing manuscripts.

Polyester is one of the most important synthetic fibers extensively used in textile industry. Inkjet Printing on polyester textile is performed either by direct or transfer approaches. The first method needs chemical surface treatment, while the latter uses transfer paper. In this article, direct sublimation inkjet Printing (DSIP) on polyester textile has been studied to overcome the natural resource limitations and environmental problems by eliminating the need for transfer paper and chemical surface treatment. Polyester textile was surface treated using atmospheric-pressure plasma under air atmosphere. The effects of different factors including plasma speed, plasma power, and the number of treatments on the contact angle and K/S value have been investigated via experimental design method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and bleeding test showed that plasma power has the least effect on both K/S value and contact angle. The K/S values increased while the contact angle decreased by increasing the number of treatments and decreasing the plasma speed. Optical and scanning electron microscopy images also revealed that the treated textile using constant plasma power of 350 W, 60 plasma treatments and the plasma speed of 3 m/min showed the most Printing thickness and the highest image resolution.

Three dimensional Printing (3D) is a process of fabricating 3D objects through depositing layers of materials (such as polymers) on previous layers. Currently is considered one of the most important research fields in academic and industrial research centers. Among the various approaches to 3D Printing, photopolymerization is of great interest due to the wide range of monomers/oligomers prone to photopolymerization reactions (photopolymers). Photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers are two important components of resins applied for 3D process, which affect not only the possibility of resin Printing, but also the functional properties of the part such as mechanical strength, dimensional accuracy, transparency, modulus and others. In this article, the most important group of photopolymers used in the 3D Printing process is reviewed from the point of view of reaction chemistry and their advantages and disadvantages. It is obvious that the design and manufacture of photocurable resins requires knowledge about the types of resins available and the challenges associated with them. Therefore, this article can be a good source for active researchers in this field.

4D Printing is an emerging technology in which the printed parts can change their shapes when exposed to an external stimulus. In this research, a relationship between the pre-stress stored in the printed discs and the amount of shape recovery was obtained using FE simulations. Then, the effect of layer height, bed temperature, nozzle temperature, and Printing speed on the amount of pre-stress applied in the printed discs based on polylactic acid material in the Fused deposition modeling 3D Printing was investigated. In this paper, 27 experimental tests were performed using a central composite design, and modeling was done with the least cost and time and the most reliability and accuracy. Then a relationship between the mentioned parameters and the amount of pre-stress applied to the printed discs was obtained. R2 and Adj R2 of the model were obtained more than 99% which shows the high accuracy of the model. In order to validate the experimental model, simulation and experimental tests were carried out in the conditions of the highest amount of shape recovery. The results showed that the experimental model error is 5. 9% and the error between the applied pre-stress and the amount of shape recovery is 2. 95%.