Identifying the constraining factors of Production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the Production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

The lack of Quranic approaches in the Production of Quran-based humanities is still felt, despite the predominance of the philosophical approach in critical approaches to modern humanities, which has become very common in the Islamic world and in Iran for several decades. It seems that the capacity of the method of thematic exegesis (al-Tafsīr al-mawdū'ī, Arabic: التفسیر الموضوعیّ) in this regard, can be used to bring the Holy Quran into the field of humanities. Thematic exegesis, according to whether its subject is inside or outside the Qur'an, has several functions in criticizing the structure of modern knowledge and scientific research, as well as the Production of Islamic humanities. It is possible to make use of thematic exegesis of the inside of the Holy Book of Quran in order to “fundamental criticism” of the general fundamentals of humanities -the fundamentals of epistemology, axiology, ontology and anthropology- and it is also possible to use thematic exegesis for constructing and producing foundation of humanities obtained from the Holy Quran. It is used by thematic interpretation exegesis of the outside of the Holy Book of Quran -such as Shahīd (martyr) Sadr’s interrogational approach- to answer the problems of humanities and this process faces challenges such as the complexity and multiplicity of the “subject” of the humanities that exist in modern terminology of this field. It can be used in order to solve this issue in some cases to know the process of the change of the components of the modern of the conceptual history’s approach and also by analyzing the issue into several components can be shown that the components are not necessarily a product of the modern era and can be followed up in the Holy Quran and can be found up in the Holy Quran. The perspective of the Holy Quran, after that, regarding the modern subject in the desired field by the “combining” of the results obtained based on the thematic interpretation.

Medicinal plants contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases and protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of medicinal plants. In this experiment, the plant oils were extracted and measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of standard squalene with TLC of the investigated medicinal plant samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the percentage of Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other medicinal plants, the squalane spot of clove plant had a higher intensity of color and this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this plant.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the cell suspension culture of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful cell suspension culture was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica cell wall extract as an elicitor on silymarin Production in cell suspension culture at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of cells increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal extract. Based on the results, the cell wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the cell suspension culture of S. marianum.

Brick is the most widely used construction material. Demolition of buildings and Production of construction waste, including clay brick, are dramatically increasing in an alarming rate. The Production of traditional bricks such as clay bricks has hazardous impacts on the environment, such as pollution and extensive use of natural resources. This study addressed the application of the geo-polymerization process as an environmental and sustainable method to produce new bricks from clay brick waste and different types of fillers. Accordingly, the powder and grains of clay brick waste, dune sand, washed sand, industrial sodium hydroxide, and water glass were utilized to prepare cubic and brick-shaped geopolymer samples with different mix designs and then cured at 70 °C. The samples' compressive strength, water absorption and SEM analysis were examined. According to the results, the highest compressive strength for cubic mortar samples was obtained in the case without filler; for these samples, with mass ratios of water glass to sodium hydroxide solution equal to 1 and 2, compressive strength was 18.45 and 22.15 MPa, respectively. In the brick samples, the highest compressive strength was obtained in the 28-day and 8 M geopolymer samples, which was equal to 25.38 MPa. On the other hand, the geopolymer samples made by sand filler had higher compressive strength and lower water absorption in comparison to other samples. Therefore, sustainable Production of geopolymer bricks from clay brick waste and inexpensive materials as the filler can be a step toward mitigating the environmental impact of construction and demolition waste.

The city's regeneration is one of the strategies that lead to urban deterioration and inefficient textures towards revitalization. Using systems thinking on the subject of reinvention can lead to the identification of complex systems that are considered effective in producing and reproducing worn-out textures. In this regard, this study was to benefit from a systemic approach in identifying the the roots of the Production and reProduction of historical/worn-out textures in Semnan city. The leading research is among the applied research, and in terms of information and data analysis, it uses the descriptive-analytical method. The tool for collecting information is also in documents and surveys. The statistical population of the research was 18 university professors, experts, and officials familiar with the urban fabric of Semnan, who were selected by the snowball method. In the end, using experts' opinions, 24 variables were selected as effective drivers of Semnan's Production-reProduction system of worn tissue. MicMac software was used for structural-interpretive analysis of variables. The results show that the rules and regulations governing the regeneration of the studied area are the most important and effective factors. Also, the special ownership conditions governing barren, ruined, and ruined lands have caused the private sector to have no incentive to invest in this area and reproduce the existing conditions. With the continuation of the current process, the existing situation is reproduced. Breaking this round of the reProduction process requires a constructive look at the target neighborhoods from the city administration and government agencies, which can provide the basis for the presence of private sector investors in these neighborhoods

زمینه مطالعاتی: امروزه اهمیت استفاده از ریز جلبک ها از نظر قابلیت آنها در تولید ویتامین ها، پروتئین ها، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و انواع آنتی اکسیدان ها روز به روز در حال افزایش است. لذا با توجه به اینکه یکی از مهمترین اهداف کارشناسان تغذیه معرفی و شناسایی مکمل های خوراکی ارزشمند مورد استفاده در خوراک دام است و از طرفی محدودیت منابع آب و خاک به دلیل تغییر اقلیم بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است؛ لذا معرفی مکمل های ارزشمند از نظر تغذیه ای کار چندان راحتی نیست. هدف: بنظر می رسد با توجه به اینکه گونه های ریزجلبکی آیزوکرایسیس گالبانا و نانوکلروپسیس اکولاتا در محیط آبی شور و زمین های غیر زراعی قادر به رشد کردن و تولید ترکیبات ارزشمند پروتئینی واسیدهای چرب هستند. لذا کشت این دوگونه در محیط های کشت مختلف به منظور تولید زیتوده با چربی و پروتئین بالا و الگوی اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع مناسب جهت مصرف در خوراک دام مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش کار: به منظور بررسی تاثیر محیط کشت بر تولید زیتوده، چربی و پروتئین و الگوی اسیدهای چرب از محیط کشت والنه با ترکیبات متفاوت مواد معدنی و ویتامینی استفاده شد. و ریز جلبک های برداشت شده از نظر زیتوده، چربی، پروتئین، الگوی اسیدهای چرب مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتیجه گیری: محیط والنه تغییر یافته توانست پروتئین، چربی، ایکوزاپنتانوئیک اسید، دکوزاهگزانوئیک اسید و نسبت اسیدهای چرب امگا3 به امگا6 را در آیزوکرایسیس گالبانا و نانوکلروپسیس اکولاتا افزایش دهد. علاوه بر این، تولید زیست توده و راندمان تولید زیست توده نیز افزایش یافت.نتیجه گیری نهایی: محیط کشت تغییر یافته والنه بر تولید ترکیبات ارزشمند ریز جلبک های آیزوکرایسیس گالبانا و نانوکلروپسیس اکولاتا تاثیر زیادی دارد

سردبیر محترم (Coronavirus (COVID-19 جدید، که از شهر ووهان چین پدید آمده است، برای اولین بار در تاریخ 31 دسامبر 2019 به سازمان بهداشت جهانی گزارش شد. این ویروس، اکنون 205 کشور و سرزمین را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و بیش از 1414. 425 نفر را در سرتاسر جهان آلوده کرده است و جان بیش از 61205 نفر را گرفته است (1). در میان شیوع همه گیری، کشته شدن شخصی از استان یوننان توسط هانتاویروس نیز باعث ایجاد وحشت برای بشر شد. سرانجام با استفاده از سه پایگاه داده: (Scopus، Web of Science (WoS و PubMed، مقالات را برای انتشار جهانی عفونت Hantavirus جستجو شد. در سال 1978، در کره جنوبی، در نزدیکی رودخانه Hantan، شیوع تب خونریزی دهنده گزارش شد. عامل ایجاد کننده از یکی از جوندگان کوچک مزرعه جدا شد. این ویروس از زادگاه خود به عنوان "Hanta anvirus" نامگذاری شده است. بعداً در سال 1993 این بیماری که در چهار گوشه جنوب غربی ایالات متحده پیدا شده بود، موجب سندروم تنفسی حاد در بیماران آلوده شد و به عنوان سندرم ریوی هانتاویروس (HPS) نامیده شد. تحقیقات سرانجام منجر به کشف جنس hantavirus در بین بیش از بیست و یک گونه و بیش از 30 ژنوتیپ شد (2). ما سه پایگاه داده اصلی زیست پزشکی را در سطح جهان یعنی (Scopus، Web of Science (WoS و PubMed را بررسی کردیم. استفاده از استراتژی ما جستجو به عنوان "Hantavirus" در عنوان مقالات بود. نتایج تحقیق به تاریخ 27 مارس 2020 منتشر شد و مقالات را نشان می داد که از 1 ژانویه 1999 تا 27 مارس 2020 (22 سال) منتشر شدند.

هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه نرخ رشد بهره وری کل عوامل تولید چغندرقند برای استان های مختلف و سپس تجزیه نرخ رشد بهره وری به منابع آن یعنی تغییرات تکنولوژی، تغییرات کارایی مدیریت و تغییرات کارایی مقیاس می باشد. روش مورد استفاده برای اندازه گیری نرخ رشد بهره وری کل عوامل و تجزیه آن، شاخص بهره وری مالم کوئیست می باشد، که برای اندازه گیری توابع مسافت در آن از روش تحلیل فراگیر داده ها استفاده می شود. نتایج نشان داد که به طور متوسط در سطح کل کشور، بهره وری کل عوامل تولید چغندرقند در فاصله سال های 1379 تا 1386 حدود 47 درصد رشد داشته است. هم چنین مقایسه کل عوامل تولید چغندرقند در استان ها نشان داد که در سه استان قزوین، مرکزی و همدان در طول دوره مورد بررسی وضعیت بهره وری بدتر شده است و دلیل آن عمدتا به عدم کارایی فنی مدیریت در این استان ها بر می گردد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود این استان ها با الگو قراردادن استان های موفق در زمینه بهره وری وضعیت تولید خود را بهبود بخشند.